Question 1

Cost effectiveness analysis assumes a single objective and

Accepted Answer

A)  estimates the costs of competing alternative approaches to achieving that objective. 
B)  compares the benefits of that objective and the costs of obtaining that objective. 
C)  estimates the damage or effect of obtaining that objective on a valued resource. 
D)  compares it to the effects of other competing objectives. 
A)  estimates the costs of competing alternative approaches to achieving that objective. 
B)  compares the benefits of that objective and the costs of obtaining that objective. 
C)  estimates the damage or effect of obtaining that objective on a valued resource. 
D)  compares it to the effects of other competing objectives. A

Question 2

The best way to describe the results of a benefit-cost study is

Accepted Answer

A)  project long-term costs 
B)  project net benefits 
C)  project long-run benefits 
D)  project discount rate 
A)  project long-term costs 
B)  project net benefits 
C)  project long-run benefits 
D)  project discount rate B

Question 3

In the United States, environmental impact analyses are mandated by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental Protection Agency (EP
A) . 
B)  Environmental Impact Agency (EI
A) . 
C)  Regulatory Impact Agency (RI
A) . 
D)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A) . 
A)  Environmental Protection Agency (EP
A) . 
B)  Environmental Impact Agency (EI
A) . 
C)  Regulatory Impact Agency (RI
A) . 
D)  National Environmental Policy Act (NEP
A) . D

Question 4

Horizontal equity treats

Accepted Answer

A)  people in the same circumstances identically. 
B)  people in the same circumstances proportionately. 
C)  people in different circumstances differently. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  people in the same circumstances identically. 
B)  people in the same circumstances proportionately. 
C)  people in different circumstances differently. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 5

An environmental project requires investments of $100,000 in year 1, year 2, and year 3 and yields benefits of $20,000 in year 1; $45,000 in year 2 and $150,000 in year 3. What is the net present value of the project at a discount rate of 4% (rounded to the nearest dollar)?

Accepted Answer

A)  +$83,698. 
B)  -$84,242. 
C)  - $96,272. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  +$83,698. 
B)  -$84,242. 
C)  - $96,272. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 6

The choice of a discount rate is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  time preference. 
B)  whether the effects cross generations. 
C)  the rate of inflation. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  time preference. 
B)  whether the effects cross generations. 
C)  the rate of inflation. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 7

An environmental program is ________ if the net effect of that policy has proportionally ________ effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

Accepted Answer

A)  proportional; less 
B)  regressive; greater 
C)  regressive; the same 
D)  regressive; lower 
A)  proportional; less 
B)  regressive; greater 
C)  regressive; the same 
D)  regressive; lower

Question 8

An environmental program is ________ if the net effect of that policy has proportionally ________ effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

Accepted Answer

A)  progressive; less 
B)  regressive; greater 
C)  progressive; higher 
D)  progressive; the same 
A)  progressive; less 
B)  regressive; greater 
C)  progressive; higher 
D)  progressive; the same

Question 9

Given the information in the following table, ________ is the most cost-effective way to reduce the phosphorous concentration in the Bay of Quinte.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction in phosphorus inputs from agricultural runoff 
B)  alum treatment of sediments in the bay 
C)  tertiary treatment at sewage treatment plants 
D)  treatment of wastewater from water treatment plants   
A)  reduction in phosphorus inputs from agricultural runoff 
B)  alum treatment of sediments in the bay 
C)  tertiary treatment at sewage treatment plants 
D)  treatment of wastewater from water treatment plants

Question 10

Cost effectiveness analysis

Accepted Answer

A)  estimates the benefits and costs of a project in monetary terms 
B)  estimates the benefits but not the costs of projects 
C)  estimates the costs but not the benefits of projects 
D)  analyzes neither the benefits nor costs of projects 
A)  estimates the benefits and costs of a project in monetary terms 
B)  estimates the benefits but not the costs of projects 
C)  estimates the costs but not the benefits of projects 
D)  analyzes neither the benefits nor costs of projects

Question 11

An environmental program is ________ if the net effect of that policy has proportionally ________ effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

Accepted Answer

A)  proportional; less 
B)  proportional; the same 
C)  proportional; greater 
D)  progressive; the same 
A)  proportional; less 
B)  proportional; the same 
C)  proportional; greater 
D)  progressive; the same

Question 12

An analyst estimated the costs of restoring a resource to its original state. This person is doing

Accepted Answer

A)  benefit-cost analysis 
B)  cost effectiveness analysis 
C)  regulatory impact analysis 
D)  resource damage assessment 
A)  benefit-cost analysis 
B)  cost effectiveness analysis 
C)  regulatory impact analysis 
D)  resource damage assessment

Question 13

Each of the following is a step in conducting a benefit-cost analysis of a project, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  prepare a clear overview of the project including specifics about scale and perspective 
B)  estimate the social costs and benefits of the inputs and outputs of the project 
C)  quantitatively describe the inputs and the outputs of the program 
D)  all of the above are steps in benefit-cost analysis 
A)  prepare a clear overview of the project including specifics about scale and perspective 
B)  estimate the social costs and benefits of the inputs and outputs of the project 
C)  quantitatively describe the inputs and the outputs of the program 
D)  all of the above are steps in benefit-cost analysis

Question 14

The 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act allows for the calculation of restoration costs in order to determine damages. Some of the difficulties of calculating restoration costs include

Accepted Answer

A)  determination of the baseline resource quality. 
B)  the choice of alternative ways of restoring a resource in a cost-effective way. 
C)  the determination of a natural or environmental resource of equivalent value. 
D)  all of the above are difficulties with determining restoration costs. 
A)  determination of the baseline resource quality. 
B)  the choice of alternative ways of restoring a resource in a cost-effective way. 
C)  the determination of a natural or environmental resource of equivalent value. 
D)  all of the above are difficulties with determining restoration costs.

Question 15

The first step in risk assessment is

Accepted Answer

A)  benefit estimation 
B)  damage calculation 
C)  discounting future benefits 
D)  exposure analysis 
A)  benefit estimation 
B)  damage calculation 
C)  discounting future benefits 
D)  exposure analysis

Question 16

A state is considering two different environmental projects that offer the net benefit streams displayed in the table below: Benefits ($) in Year:
  .
Which project offers the greatest present value at a discount rate of 10%?

Accepted Answer

A)  Project A 
B)  Project B 
C)  Project C 
D)  The projects are equal in the present value of their net benefits. 
A)  Project A 
B)  Project B 
C)  Project C 
D)  The projects are equal in the present value of their net benefits.

Question 17

Risk assessment consists of several separate steps, namely:

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure analysis, discount analysis, distributions analysis. 
B)  episodic analysis, dose-exposure analysis, community characterization. 
C)  exposure analysis, dose-response analysis, risk characterization. 
D)  emission analysis, dose-response analysis, community characterization. 
A)  exposure analysis, discount analysis, distributions analysis. 
B)  episodic analysis, dose-exposure analysis, community characterization. 
C)  exposure analysis, dose-response analysis, risk characterization. 
D)  emission analysis, dose-response analysis, community characterization.

Question 18

An oil refinery plant has requested permission from the community to expand. The expansion is likely to increase the number of deaths in the community due to increased rates of cancer. The number of deaths and their associated probabilities is revealed in the table below:   What is the expected number of deaths?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  .8 
C)  .33 
D)  Cannot be determined. 
A)  0 
B)  .8 
C)  .33 
D)  Cannot be determined.

Question 19

An oil refinery plant has requested permission from the community to expand. The expansion is likely to increase the number of deaths in the community due to increased rates of cancer. The number of deaths and their associated probabilities is revealed in the table below:   What is the expected value of 0 deaths?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  .8 
C)  .33 
D)  Cannot be determined. 
A)  0 
B)  .8 
C)  .33 
D)  Cannot be determined.

Question 20

The socially efficient scale maximizes the net social benefits from a project because

Accepted Answer

A)  consumer preferences as revealed in market prices are maximized where MAC=MD. 
B)  damages are minimized where MAC=MD. 
C)  total abatement costs are less that total damage costs where MAC=MD. 
D)  net social benefits are maximized where MAC = MD. 
A)  consumer preferences as revealed in market prices are maximized where MAC=MD. 
B)  damages are minimized where MAC=MD. 
C)  total abatement costs are less that total damage costs where MAC=MD. 
D)  net social benefits are maximized where MAC = MD.

Cost effectiveness analysis assumes a single objective and

The best way to describe the results of a benefit-cost study is

In the United States, environmental impact analyses are mandated by the

Horizontal equity treats

An environmental project requires investments of $100,000 in year 1, year 2, and year 3 and yields benefits of $20,000 in year 1; $45,000 in year 2 and $150,000 in year 3. What is the net present value of the project at a discount rate of 4% (rounded to the nearest dollar)?

The choice of a discount rate is influenced by

An environmental program is if the net effect of that policy has proportionally effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

An environmental program is if the net effect of that policy has proportionally effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

Given the information in the following table, ________ is the most cost-effective way to reduce the phosphorous concentration in the Bay of Quinte.

Cost effectiveness analysis

An environmental program is if the net effect of that policy has proportionally effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

An analyst estimated the costs of restoring a resource to its original state. This person is doing

Each of the following is a step in conducting a benefit-cost analysis of a project, except:

The 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act allows for the calculation of restoration costs in order to determine damages. Some of the difficulties of calculating restoration costs include

The first step in risk assessment is

A state is considering two different environmental projects that offer the net benefit streams displayed in the table below: Benefits ($) in Year: . Which project offers the greatest present value at a discount rate of 10%?

Risk assessment consists of several separate steps, namely:

The socially efficient scale maximizes the net social benefits from a project because

What Is Environmental Economics

The Economy and the Environment

Benefits and Costs, Supply and Demand

Economic Efficiency and Markets

The Economics of Environmental Quality

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Benefits

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Costs

Criteria for Evaluating Environmental Policies

Decentralized Policies: Liability Laws, Property Rights, and Voluntary Action

Command-And-Control Strategies: the Case of Standards

Incentive-Based Strategies: Emission Charges and Subsidies

Incentive-Based Strategies: Market Trading Systems

Federal Water Pollution-Control Policy

Federal Air Pollution-Control Policy

Federal Policy on Toxic and Hazardous Substances

State and Local Environmental Issues

The Global Environment

International Environmental Agreements

Globalization

Economic Development and the Environment

Filters

Exam 6: Framework of Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysis assumes a single objective and

The best way to describe the results of a benefit-cost study is

In the United States, environmental impact analyses are mandated by the

Horizontal equity treats

An environmental project requires investments of $100,000 in year 1, year 2, and year 3 and yields benefits of $20,000 in year 1; $45,000 in year 2 and $150,000 in year 3. What is the net present value of the project at a discount rate of 4% (rounded to the nearest dollar)?

The choice of a discount rate is influenced by

An environmental program is ________ if the net effect of that policy has proportionally ________ effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

An environmental program is ________ if the net effect of that policy has proportionally ________ effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

Given the information in the following table, ________ is the most cost-effective way to reduce the phosphorous concentration in the Bay of Quinte.

Cost effectiveness analysis

An environmental program is ________ if the net effect of that policy has proportionally ________ effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

An analyst estimated the costs of restoring a resource to its original state. This person is doing

Each of the following is a step in conducting a benefit-cost analysis of a project, except:

The 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act allows for the calculation of restoration costs in order to determine damages. Some of the difficulties of calculating restoration costs include

The first step in risk assessment is

A state is considering two different environmental projects that offer the net benefit streams displayed in the table below: Benefits ($) in Year: . Which project offers the greatest present value at a discount rate of 10%?

Risk assessment consists of several separate steps, namely:

The socially efficient scale maximizes the net social benefits from a project because

What Is Environmental Economics

The Economy and the Environment

Benefits and Costs, Supply and Demand

Economic Efficiency and Markets

The Economics of Environmental Quality

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Benefits

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Costs

Criteria for Evaluating Environmental Policies

Decentralized Policies: Liability Laws, Property Rights, and Voluntary Action

Command-And-Control Strategies: the Case of Standards

Incentive-Based Strategies: Emission Charges and Subsidies

Incentive-Based Strategies: Market Trading Systems

Federal Water Pollution-Control Policy

Federal Air Pollution-Control Policy

Federal Policy on Toxic and Hazardous Substances

State and Local Environmental Issues

The Global Environment

International Environmental Agreements

Globalization

Economic Development and the Environment

Filters

An environmental program is if the net effect of that policy has proportionally effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

An environmental program is if the net effect of that policy has proportionally effect on low-income people as on high-income people.

An environmental program is if the net effect of that policy has proportionally effect on low-income people as on high-income people.