Exam 6: Causation and Experimentation

The Latin term meaning "all other things being equal" is ______.

What are the criteria for establishing a nomothetic causal explanation?

Simply because there is an association between two variables does not mean that one caused the other to do something is an example of the adage ______.

Endogenous change includes three specific threats to internal validity. Name and describe them.

The random assignment of subjects to experimental and comparison groups is not the same as random sampling of individuals from some larger population.

In a ______ design, a comparison group is predetermined to be comparable to the treatment group in critical ways, but subjects are not randomly assigned to groups.

If researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of a mandatory arrest policy in decreasing incidents of intimate partner assault and a high profile murder trial involving intimate partners is taking place at the same time, it may compromise the results.

True experiments are particularly well suited to producing valid conclusions about generalizability.

When comparison group members become aware that they are being denied some advantage, they may increase their efforts to compensate, creating a problem called the Sam Johnson effect.

A study in which data are collected at only one point is time is a ______.

Random assignment (randomization) helps ensure that the research subjects are representative of some larger population.

______ designs use nonrandomized control groups designated after the fact.

Experimental and comparison groups in ex post facto control group designs are created by random assignment.

Time Series designs include several pretest and posttest observations, allowing the researcher to study the process by which an intervention has an impact over time.

A relationship between two variables that is due to variation in a third variable is ______.

What is an idiographic causal explanation?

Carrington and Schulenberg's (2008) study of the effect of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) of 2002 in Canada on police discretion with apprehended young offenders illustrates a cross-sectional design.

A type of contamination in experimental and quasi-experimental designs that occurs when control group members are aware that they are being denied some advantage and increase their efforts by way of compensation is ______.

Matching is another procedure that can be used as a substitute for randomization.

What are the three features that Right experiments have which allow researchers to show causality?