Question 1

Which of the following drugs is correctly paired with the neurotransmitter receptor that it binds to?

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana binds to cannabinoid receptors 
B)  viagra binds to CO receptors 
C)  L-dopa binds to AMPA receptors 
D)  amphetamines bind to norepinephrine receptors 
A)  marijuana binds to cannabinoid receptors 
B)  viagra binds to CO receptors 
C)  L-dopa binds to AMPA receptors 
D)  amphetamines bind to norepinephrine receptors A

Question 2

Both AMPA and NMDA receptors are involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic facilitation 
B)  presynaptic inhibition 
C)  excitotoxicity 
D)  long-term potentiation 
A)  presynaptic facilitation 
B)  presynaptic inhibition 
C)  excitotoxicity 
D)  long-term potentiation D

Question 3

The membrane potential (Vm), a measure of the charge difference across the membrane depends upon the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of ions on each side of the membrane 
B)  number of open ion channel 
C)  charges of ions on each side of the membrane 
D)  All choices will affect the membrane's ability to separate charges. 
A)  number of ions on each side of the membrane 
B)  number of open ion channel 
C)  charges of ions on each side of the membrane 
D)  All choices will affect the membrane's ability to separate charges. D

Question 4

At the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse, the membrane converts a ______ signal to a ______ signal.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical; electrical 
B)  mechanical; chemical 
C)  electrical; chemical 
D)  mechanical; electrical 
A)  chemical; electrical 
B)  mechanical; chemical 
C)  electrical; chemical 
D)  mechanical; electrical

Question 5

______ are the cells of the nervous system which remove nervous tissue that is no longer functional.

Accepted Answer

A)  Oligodendrocytes 
B)  Ependymal cells 
C)  Astrocytes 
D)  Microglial cells 
A)  Oligodendrocytes 
B)  Ependymal cells 
C)  Astrocytes 
D)  Microglial cells

Question 6

Graded potentials exhibit a number of characteristics including

Accepted Answer

A)  having depolarizing or hyperpolarizing potentials 
B)  typically being found in cell bodies or dendrites 
C)  being generated by ligand or mechanically-gated ion channels 
D)  All of the choices are characteristics of graded potentials. 
A)  having depolarizing or hyperpolarizing potentials 
B)  typically being found in cell bodies or dendrites 
C)  being generated by ligand or mechanically-gated ion channels 
D)  All of the choices are characteristics of graded potentials.

Question 7

Which of the statements below correctly explains the difference between the information calculated by the Nernst and the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Nernst calculates the resting membrane potential for a membrane, but GHK does not. 
B)  The Nernst calculates the equilibrium potential for anions, and the GHK for cations. 
C)  The Nernst calculates the equilibrium potential for a single ion and the GHK for the resting membrane potential. 
D)  The Nernst calculates the equilibrium potential for an ion with a single charge and the GHK for an ion with a charge of two or more. 
A)  The Nernst calculates the resting membrane potential for a membrane, but GHK does not. 
B)  The Nernst calculates the equilibrium potential for anions, and the GHK for cations. 
C)  The Nernst calculates the equilibrium potential for a single ion and the GHK for the resting membrane potential. 
D)  The Nernst calculates the equilibrium potential for an ion with a single charge and the GHK for an ion with a charge of two or more.

Question 8

Each part of a neuron carries out a specific function, just as different types of neurons are responsible for specific actions. In the following choices, which paring of neuron structure is paired with a type of neuron that carries out a similar function?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell body (soma) and efferent neurons 
B)  dendrites and afferent neurons 
C)  axons and interneurons 
D)  dendrites and efferent neurons 
A)  cell body (soma) and efferent neurons 
B)  dendrites and afferent neurons 
C)  axons and interneurons 
D)  dendrites and efferent neurons

Question 9

You have observed that graded potentials typically occur in the dendrites and cell body. What is the underlying reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Graded potentials can only travel a short distance by local current flow. 
B)  Graded potentials are caused by ligand and mechanically-gated channels that are most frequently found in dendrites and cell bodies. 
C)  Graded potentials are caused only by Na+ and K+ flowing through channels. 
D)  Graded potentials are both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing, which means they can't occur in axons where only depolarizing signals occur. 
A)  Graded potentials can only travel a short distance by local current flow. 
B)  Graded potentials are caused by ligand and mechanically-gated channels that are most frequently found in dendrites and cell bodies. 
C)  Graded potentials are caused only by Na+ and K+ flowing through channels. 
D)  Graded potentials are both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing, which means they can't occur in axons where only depolarizing signals occur.

Question 10

Based on the figure, if Neuron B releases a neurotransmitter that causes a hyperpolarizing potential in Neuron A, would Neuron C be affected, and if so, how?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, the effect on A would lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release, thus decreasing the output to C. 
B)  Yes, the effect on A would lead to a increase in neurotransmitter release, thus increasing the output to C. 
C)  No, because A doesn't directly interact with C. 
D)  No, because hyperpolarizing potentials don't affect neurotransmitter release. 
A)  Yes, the effect on A would lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release, thus decreasing the output to C. 
B)  Yes, the effect on A would lead to a increase in neurotransmitter release, thus increasing the output to C. 
C)  No, because A doesn't directly interact with C. 
D)  No, because hyperpolarizing potentials don't affect neurotransmitter release.

Question 11

Which of the following is a neuropeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) Substance P 
C) Glutamate 
D) Epinephrine 
A) acetylcholine 
B) Substance P 
C) Glutamate 
D) Epinephrine

Question 12

Ionotropic receptors would be beneficial when

Accepted Answer

A)  suddenly swerving to avoid hitting an object 
B)  maintaining hormone balances 
C)  modifiying intracellular proteins 
D)  removing Cl- from a cell 
A)  suddenly swerving to avoid hitting an object 
B)  maintaining hormone balances 
C)  modifiying intracellular proteins 
D)  removing Cl- from a cell

Question 13

Select the true statement about neuropeptides.

Accepted Answer

A)  They are formed from single amino acids. 
B)  Their receptors are nearly all ionotropic. 
C)  They are active in the central nervous system only. 
D)  They can be in perception of pain, appetite and hormone release. 
A)  They are formed from single amino acids. 
B)  Their receptors are nearly all ionotropic. 
C)  They are active in the central nervous system only. 
D)  They can be in perception of pain, appetite and hormone release.

Question 14

A postsynaptic cell in a synapse could be a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  neuron 
B)  skeletal muscle cell 
C)  endocrine cell 
D)  All of these choices could be a postsynaptic cell. 
A)  neuron 
B)  skeletal muscle cell 
C)  endocrine cell 
D)  All of these choices could be a postsynaptic cell.

Question 15

Key characteristics that define an excitable cell are

Accepted Answer

A)  responding to a stimulus 
B)  generating an electrical signal 
C)  producing neurotransmitters 
D)  generating an action potential as a response to a stimulus 
A)  responding to a stimulus 
B)  generating an electrical signal 
C)  producing neurotransmitters 
D)  generating an action potential as a response to a stimulus

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true concerning a difference between neurons and neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unlike neuroglia, neurons are found in the central nervous system. 
B)  Unlike neuroglia, neurons have an axon. 
C)  In contrast to neuroglia, neurons are smaller and therefore more of them are found in the nervous system. 
D)  In contrast to neuroglia, neurons can multiply in the mature nervous system. 
A)  Unlike neuroglia, neurons are found in the central nervous system. 
B)  Unlike neuroglia, neurons have an axon. 
C)  In contrast to neuroglia, neurons are smaller and therefore more of them are found in the nervous system. 
D)  In contrast to neuroglia, neurons can multiply in the mature nervous system.

Question 17

Action potentials will travel more slowly through myelinated axons than through non myelinated axons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following circuits has presynaptic cells that only make a connection with one postsynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  diverging circuit 
B)  converging circuit 
C)  reverberating circuit 
D)  parallel after-discharge circuit 
A)  diverging circuit 
B)  converging circuit 
C)  reverberating circuit 
D)  parallel after-discharge circuit

Question 19

If the myelin serves to insulate an axon, decreasing the loss of electrical signal and increasing speed of conduction, then which of the following statements accurately predicts where myelin will have the largest effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurons with short axons that relay information of minor importance. 
B)  Neurons with short axons that relay critical information. 
C)  Neurons with long axons that relay information of minor importance. 
D)  Neurons with long axons that relay critical information. 
A)  Neurons with short axons that relay information of minor importance. 
B)  Neurons with short axons that relay critical information. 
C)  Neurons with long axons that relay information of minor importance. 
D)  Neurons with long axons that relay critical information.

Question 20

White matter in the brain gets it color from

Accepted Answer

A)  the cell bodies of the neurons 
B)  the nodes of Ranvier 
C)  unmyelinated axons 
D)  myelinated axons 
A)  the cell bodies of the neurons 
B)  the nodes of Ranvier 
C)  unmyelinated axons 
D)  myelinated axons

Exam 7: The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability

Which of the following drugs is correctly paired with the neurotransmitter receptor that it binds to?

Both AMPA and NMDA receptors are involved in

The membrane potential (Vm), a measure of the charge difference across the membrane depends upon the

At the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse, the membrane converts a ______ signal to a ______ signal.

______ are the cells of the nervous system which remove nervous tissue that is no longer functional.

Graded potentials exhibit a number of characteristics including

Which of the statements below correctly explains the difference between the information calculated by the Nernst and the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equations?

Each part of a neuron carries out a specific function, just as different types of neurons are responsible for specific actions. In the following choices, which paring of neuron structure is paired with a type of neuron that carries out a similar function?

You have observed that graded potentials typically occur in the dendrites and cell body. What is the underlying reason for this?

Based on the figure, if Neuron B releases a neurotransmitter that causes a hyperpolarizing potential in Neuron A, would Neuron C be affected, and if so, how?

Which of the following is a neuropeptide?

Ionotropic receptors would be beneficial when

Select the true statement about neuropeptides.

A postsynaptic cell in a synapse could be a/an

Key characteristics that define an excitable cell are

Which of the following statements is true concerning a difference between neurons and neuroglia?

Action potentials will travel more slowly through myelinated axons than through non myelinated axons.

Which of the following circuits has presynaptic cells that only make a connection with one postsynaptic cell?

If the myelin serves to insulate an axon, decreasing the loss of electrical signal and increasing speed of conduction, then which of the following statements accurately predicts where myelin will have the largest effect?

White matter in the brain gets it color from

An Introduction to Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cells

Metabolism

Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

Cell Signaling

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Systems

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Immune System

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Digestive System

Metabolic Adaptations, Energy Balance, and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive Systems

Filters

The membrane potential (V_m), a measure of the charge difference across the membrane depends upon the

At the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse, the membrane converts a signal to a signal.