Question 1

Which process requires obligatory presence of oxygen during ATP production in human cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  both oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation 
D)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  substrate level phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  both oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation 
D)  None of the choices is correct. B

Question 2

Enzymes which remove water from the cellular substrates are called

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidases 
B)  kinases 
C)  proteases 
D)  anhydrases 
A)  oxidases 
B)  kinases 
C)  proteases 
D)  anhydrases D

Question 3

Amino acid catabolism begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bond formation 
B)  deamination 
C)  ketosis 
D)  transamination 
A)  peptide bond formation 
B)  deamination 
C)  ketosis 
D)  transamination B

Question 4

Proteins are building blocks of our bodies and workhorses behind most of the cellular activities. Proteins can also be catabolized to provide energy. What conditions increase protein catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  high availability of glucose 
B)  low availability of glucose 
C)  low availability of oxygen 
D)  high blood pH 
A)  high availability of glucose 
B)  low availability of glucose 
C)  low availability of oxygen 
D)  high blood pH

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  translation 
B)  synthesis of membrane phospholipids 
C)  digestion of triglycerides in digestive tract 
D)  DNA replication 
A)  translation 
B)  synthesis of membrane phospholipids 
C)  digestion of triglycerides in digestive tract 
D)  DNA replication

Question 6

This water-soluble vitamin functions as an antioxidant, removing free radicals inhaled as a result of smog, car fumes or cigarette smoke.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin K 
B)  niacin 
C)  folic acid 
D)  vitamin C 
A)  vitamin K 
B)  niacin 
C)  folic acid 
D)  vitamin C

Question 7

When biochemists are talking about the coupling of the chemical reactions they are referring to

Accepted Answer

A)  a chain of catabolic reactions 
B)  substrate availability for reactions that produce macromolecules 
C)  exergonic reactions providing energy for endergonic reactions 
D)  reactions that happen in the same location within the cell 
A)  a chain of catabolic reactions 
B)  substrate availability for reactions that produce macromolecules 
C)  exergonic reactions providing energy for endergonic reactions 
D)  reactions that happen in the same location within the cell

Question 8

Enzymes are cellular catalysts because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are products of cellular synthesis 
B)  help substrates to interact 
C)  are broken down in chemical reactions 
D)  increase the probability of contact between molecules 
A)  are products of cellular synthesis 
B)  help substrates to interact 
C)  are broken down in chemical reactions 
D)  increase the probability of contact between molecules

Question 9

Substrate-level phosphorylation takes place in

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol only 
B)  mitochondria only 
C)  both cytosol and mitochondria 
D)  only in the vesicles 
A)  cytosol only 
B)  mitochondria only 
C)  both cytosol and mitochondria 
D)  only in the vesicles

Question 10

Rate of enzymatic reactions is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature only 
B)  concentrations of reactants only 
C)  both temperature and concentration of reactants 
D)  None of the choices is correct, rate of the enzymatic reaction is constant. 
A)  temperature only 
B)  concentrations of reactants only 
C)  both temperature and concentration of reactants 
D)  None of the choices is correct, rate of the enzymatic reaction is constant.

Question 11

Body biochemistry is a highly orchestrated process of reaction coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions. Which example best illustrates the concept of reaction coupling?

Accepted Answer

A)  storage of extra amino acids from food as "love handles" fat 
B)  recovery of glucose from glycogen in the liver cells 
C)  transport of cholesterol in the form of LDLs and HDLs 
D)  breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and Krebs cycle 
A)  storage of extra amino acids from food as "love handles" fat 
B)  recovery of glucose from glycogen in the liver cells 
C)  transport of cholesterol in the form of LDLs and HDLs 
D)  breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Question 12

Lipogenesis uses ____ to make triglycerides

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids 
B)  glycerol 
C)  amino acids 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  fatty acids 
B)  glycerol 
C)  amino acids 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Before a marathon, many athletes "carb load" to increase their endurance. The excess of carbohydrates they consume is stored in the body until it is needed to create ATP. Which of the following most accurately describes the process of "carb loading"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extra carbohydrates are stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue until they are converted back to glucose to create ATP. 
B)  Extra carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver and converted to ATP during the exercise. 
C)  Extra carbohydrates are metabolized to proteins and stored in the muscle, and later converted to glucose to create ATP. 
D)  Extra carbohydrates are stored as lactic acid until they are converted back to glucose and used to create ATP. 
A)  Extra carbohydrates are stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue until they are converted back to glucose to create ATP. 
B)  Extra carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the muscle and liver and converted to ATP during the exercise. 
C)  Extra carbohydrates are metabolized to proteins and stored in the muscle, and later converted to glucose to create ATP. 
D)  Extra carbohydrates are stored as lactic acid until they are converted back to glucose and used to create ATP.

Question 14

The optimal temperature for enzymes is described as

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to body temperature 
B)  when the reaction rate is maximal 
C)  when the enzymes start to denature 
D)  when the enzymes are saturated 
A)  equal to body temperature 
B)  when the reaction rate is maximal 
C)  when the enzymes start to denature 
D)  when the enzymes are saturated

Question 15

Enzymes are molecules that

Accepted Answer

A)  raise the activation energy of the reactions 
B)  are ligands for reaction's substrates increase substrate concentration 
C)  supply energy for the reaction 
D)  accelerate chemical reactions 
A)  raise the activation energy of the reactions 
B)  are ligands for reaction's substrates increase substrate concentration 
C)  supply energy for the reaction 
D)  accelerate chemical reactions

Question 16

The majority of ATP in eukaryotic cells is synthesized in

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasm 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  lysosomes 
A)  cytoplasm 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  lysosomes

Question 17

Which of the following slogans about the vitamins is(are) a myth(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  If little is good, then a lot is better 
B)  Vitamins are great energy sources. 
C)  All vitamins can be supplied by green leafy veggies. 
D)  All of the choices are myths. 
A)  If little is good, then a lot is better 
B)  Vitamins are great energy sources. 
C)  All vitamins can be supplied by green leafy veggies. 
D)  All of the choices are myths.

Question 18

Glucose is labeled with radioactive 14C and followed as it is oxidized to CO2 and H20 in a mammalian liver cell. During this process the radioactive labeling will be detectable in?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria only 
B)  first in the nucleus, then in the mitochondria 
C)  first in the mitochondria then on the ribosomes 
D)  first in the cytoplasm then in the mitochondria 
A)  mitochondria only 
B)  first in the nucleus, then in the mitochondria 
C)  first in the mitochondria then on the ribosomes 
D)  first in the cytoplasm then in the mitochondria

Question 19

Vitamins are organic compounds that

Accepted Answer

A)  play supportive role in metabolism as coenzymes 
B)  are the energy source 
C)  when metabolized produce heat 
D)  have to be taken as supplements 
A)  play supportive role in metabolism as coenzymes 
B)  are the energy source 
C)  when metabolized produce heat 
D)  have to be taken as supplements

Question 20

Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the following steps

Accepted Answer

A)  chemi-osmosis 
B)  transfer of a phosphate group by an enzyme 
C)  transport of electrons 
D)  breakdown of molecular oxygen, O2 
A)  chemi-osmosis 
B)  transfer of a phosphate group by an enzyme 
C)  transport of electrons 
D)  breakdown of molecular oxygen, O2

Exam 4: Metabolism

Which process requires obligatory presence of oxygen during ATP production in human cells?

Enzymes which remove water from the cellular substrates are called

Amino acid catabolism begins with

Proteins are building blocks of our bodies and workhorses behind most of the cellular activities. Proteins can also be catabolized to provide energy. What conditions increase protein catabolism?

Which of the following is NOT an example of anabolic reaction?

This water-soluble vitamin functions as an antioxidant, removing free radicals inhaled as a result of smog, car fumes or cigarette smoke.

When biochemists are talking about the coupling of the chemical reactions they are referring to

Enzymes are cellular catalysts because they

Substrate-level phosphorylation takes place in

Rate of enzymatic reactions is influenced by

Body biochemistry is a highly orchestrated process of reaction coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions. Which example best illustrates the concept of reaction coupling?

Lipogenesis uses ____ to make triglycerides

Before a marathon, many athletes "carb load" to increase their endurance. The excess of carbohydrates they consume is stored in the body until it is needed to create ATP. Which of the following most accurately describes the process of "carb loading"?

The optimal temperature for enzymes is described as

Enzymes are molecules that

The majority of ATP in eukaryotic cells is synthesized in

Which of the following slogans about the vitamins is(are) a myth(s)?

Glucose is labeled with radioactive 14C and followed as it is oxidized to CO2 and H20 in a mammalian liver cell. During this process the radioactive labeling will be detectable in?

Vitamins are organic compounds that

Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the following steps

An Introduction to Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cells

Transport Across the Plasma Membrane

Cell Signaling

The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Systems

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Immune System

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Homeostasis

The Digestive System

Metabolic Adaptations, Energy Balance, and Temperature Regulation

The Reproductive Systems

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Glucose is labeled with radioactive 14C and followed as it is oxidized to CO₂ and H₂0 in a mammalian liver cell. During this process the radioactive labeling will be detectable in?