Exam 7: The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability

The equilibrium potential measures the point at which the force of the electrical gradient exactly opposes the force of the _______ gradient on a particular ion, thus preventing any net movement across the membrane.

While observing a synaptic end bulb, the investigator sees a decrease in the amount of neurotransmitter in the end bulb when the cell is stimulated, but then shortly thereafter, discovers that the amount of neurotransmitter in the cell seems to be increasing. One could hypothesize that the neurotransmitter is removed from this synapse by

Which of the following could help you to differentiate between dopamine and serotonin?

Energy is required to do work. What type of work is being done by the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase that allows it to maintain a steady state in the neuron?

What are the two size classifications of neurotransmitters?

Which statement is true about the comparison of plasticity and regeneration in neurons?

Astrocytes are the most common glial cell.

Leak channels only allow ions to move out of the cell (which is why they are called "leak" channels.

A fellow student is studying graded potentials and decides that any time K⁺ is involved, the potential must be hyperpolarizing. Which of the following arguments could accurately explain that the ion alone doesn't determine this?

A cell at rest will be more likely to lose K⁺ than gain Na⁺ because the membrane has

Neuroglia play a variety of roles and are found throughout the nervous system. Which of the following neuroglia is found only in the peripheral nervous system?

Select the division of the nervous system that allows you to know that coffee is brewing in another room.

An action potential has reached the synaptic end bulb, but there is no neurotransmitter release. This could be caused by

The kinesins in a cell have run out of ATP and are no longer moving. Predict what effect the failure of the kinesins will have on neuronal function.

What would happen to an action potential if the voltage-gated Na⁺ channels closed earlier than normal?

Ions cross the membrane through channels. What factors will affect the movement of the ions?

When walking or running down the street, the rhythmic movement of your legs is likely being regulated by a

The benefit of presynaptic facilitation is that it

You recently helped fill a prescription for haloperidol to decrease the amount of dopamine that can bind to its receptors. Based on your knowledge of the effects of dopamine, you surmise that this drug is being used to help treat

A ______ most directly results in the contraction of a muscle cell.