Exam 6: Deviance

Imprisonment was a rare type of punishment before the nineteenth century because earlier societies

In Mama Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn, Karen McCarthy Brown studied practitioners of the Vodou religion living in the United States. However, she went far beyond the usual role of scientific observer and became a member of the religious group she was studying. She also gave her key informant veto power over certain elements of her work. Why would this be helpful?

According to Erving Goffman, when one is labeled a deviant and experiences stigma, what does that individual acquire?

According to Jack Katz, there are several reasons why adolescents might shoplift. One reason is the material appeal of the objects that are taken, but, more importantly, they

What does the sociologist Jack Katz think sociologists should study when trying to understand deviance instead of solely examining background factors?

How does the FBI's Uniform Crime Report measure crime?

In the United States, imprisonment as a method of punishment was rare until the ________ century.

Differential association theory is associated with structural functionalism.

Which of the following statements about crime and gender have been supported by data from the last decade?

________ proposed social control theory, which suggests that individuals with stronger bonds are LESS likely to commit crime.

Which theory suggests that crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?

What might a conflict theorist conclude about deviance if an upper-middle-class white college student is sentenced to rehab for the same drug crime that a lower-class black man is sentenced to jail for committing?

According to labeling theory, the labels people are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them. How does this process lead to more deviant behaviors? Provide an example to explain your answer.

Why do functional theorists suggest that deviance helps to clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms?

Almost any ________ can have a stigmatizing effect, including a physical disability, an addiction, or a mental illness.

How did David Matza's approach of studying the powerless and impoverished differ from the "nuts and sluts" approach?

Which of the following is true regarding prison as a mechanism for punishing crime?

Nowhere to Grow by Les Whitbeck and Dan Hoyt explored the lives of homeless and runaway teens in the Midwest. The authors found that "associating with deviant peers" had a dramatic effect on a wide range of deviant behaviors including increasing "the likelihood of serious substance abuse almost 32 times." What theory of deviance considers the way in which such interpersonal relationships help to predict deviant behavior?

An example of in-group orientation is when a

In his structural strain theory, Robert Merton argues that people who do not have the financial or cultural means to achieve the goals that society sets out for them, such as financial success, are more likely to engage in deviant behavior. Explain the different ways in which these people deal with their limited resources and express their deviant behavior, according to Merton.