Exam 2: Theories of Development: Interpreting the Lifespan

Vygotsky used the term __________ processes for biological contributions to development.

If Angela has emerged successfully from Erikson's stage of __________, she will be able to instigate activities with her family and have a sense of purpose in her life.

___________ is the psychosocial strength that an infant gains if she has learned to trust.

Maggie can't seem to keep a relationship going. She was happy with Gil when they went camping and fishing until she met Matt. Then she found room service to be better. Then she met Harold, the professor, and suddenly it was better to be involved in academics. Maggie can't seem to decide how to eat her eggs in the morning, so settling on a life partner is overwhelming. Maggie has been engaged 8 times but never makes it to the altar. According to Erikson, Maggie hasn't achieved intimacy, because she did not gain __________ earlier in her life.

Takumia is a successful executive. He enjoys socializing with his colleagues but could not call any of them friends in the true sense. Takumia is struggling with __________ needs in Maslow's theory.

During Piaget's __________ stage, an individual begins to use symbols and shows an explosion in the number of vocabulary words they can use appropriately.

__________ theory is based on computers as a model of cognitive functioning.

Erikson proposed that we must pass through __________ developmental stages during our lifetime.

As shown by operant conditioning, in order for a behavior to be repeated, or persist, it must be:

Freud used the term __________ to describe the psychic energy that empowered the structures of the mind.

Bill had a sore throat and took medicine to relieve the pain. When the throat ache subsided, Bill was __________for taking medicine.

The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that learning occurs as a result of:

Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt corresponds with Freud's __________ stage.

__________ ran the famous experiment pairing the salivary response in dogs with the sound of a bell.

__________ needs are based on the importance of social connections and relationships with others.

In Skinner's view, a behavior is less likely to recur if it is:

__________ would most strongly disagree with the statement "Children learn from what you say, not what you do."

Piaget termed the process of developing a state of stability between the assimilation and accommodation of information:

Freud proposed __________ were necessary strategies to reduce the anxiety caused by conflicts among the personality structures.

The __________ refers to the relationship among the microsystems of the bioecological model.