Exam 2: Theories of Development: Interpreting the Lifespan

Vygotsky identified dual paths of __________ development.

Bidirectional influences rely on which of the following?

In Skinner's view, a behavior is more likely to recur if it is:

After several months of refusing to do so, Elsie now shares her toys with her sister. Which of the following theories would suggest Elsie learned this behavior by watching others share?

Freud's theory of personality has fallen out of favor because of its emphasis on:

Clarice is in her late seventies and lives in a retirement complex. She has a general disregard for her fellow residents and rarely socializes. She also feels a sense of self-loathing and bitterness about her life. In terms of psychosocial theory, Clarice has failed to develop:

Lucas is enrolled in trigonometry for the fall quarter. If typical, in order to be successful in this class, Lucas should have achieved __________ according to Piaget.

According to __________, each stage of life is marked by a psychosocial crisis.

In the last stage of Erikson's developmental theory, if someone fails to achieve integrity, they are in danger of:

A major modification of Freud's psychoanalytic theory is:

In Vygotsky's theory of development, the two elements essential to problem solving are:

__________ refers to those stimuli whose withdrawal increases the probability of the reoccurrence of a response.

The __________ refers to the innermost environmental system according to the bioecological model.

Which of the following is analogous to the ego?

The publication of __________ was important in the recognition that natural selection was the basic principle of changes that contribute to both physiological and psychological development.

According to Erikson, in order for an infant to gain trust, the world must be;

Which of the following is not considered a contribution of cognitive theories of development?

Of the following, who would not be considered a proponent of behaviorism?

Three-year-old Florian saw a spider and was immediately attracted to its quick movements. When his mother saw him reach for it, she screamed. This scared Florian badly, and now that he's five years old, he is afraid of spiders. This explanation for phobias was demonstrated by:

__________ refers to what a child can do on their own versus what they can accomplish with the assistance of an adult.