Question 1

Explain the concept of equilibration and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Equilibration refers to the organism's attempt to keep its cognitive schemes in balance. This concept explains the motivation for development; it is meant to answer the questions "Why should we develop at all?" and "Why do cognitive schemes change?" When a child encounters some information that does not match his or her current schemes, an imbalance, or disequilibrium, results. The child experiences cognitive incongruity, with the new information not quite fitting his or her current state of knowledge. States of disequilibrium are intrinsically dissatisfying, and the child attempts to reinstate equilibrium.

Question 2

According to Piaget, equilibration is achieved

Accepted Answer

A)  by altering one's cognitive schemes. 
B)  by maintaining balance in one's cognitive schemes. 
C)  by dehumanizing the mental capacity of an individual. 
D)  by ensuring infants learn assimilation and complementarity. 
A)  by altering one's cognitive schemes. 
B)  by maintaining balance in one's cognitive schemes. 
C)  by dehumanizing the mental capacity of an individual. 
D)  by ensuring infants learn assimilation and complementarity. A

Question 3

Equilibration refers to the organism's attempt to keep its cognitive schemes in balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Adaptation is the organism's tendency to adjust its schemes to environmental demands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to Piaget which stage of development is characterized by symbolic and logical intelligence; thought is less egocentric and children' s thinking his limited to concrete phenomena and their own past experiences, that is thinking is not abstract.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperations 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperations 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations

Question 6

What did Piaget mean when he believed that the mechanisms of cognitive development are domain general?

Accepted Answer

Children come into the world with a gene

Question 7

Which of the following is not an example of a qualitative difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  For a 6-month-old whose rattle is hidden by a blanket, reality is that the rattle no longer exists. 
B)  A 3-year-old boy believes that wearing girls' clothes or playing girls' games transforms him temporarily into a girl. 
C)  A 6-year-old is convinced that a baloney-and-cheese sandwich cut into quarters provides more to eat than when it is cut into halves. 
D)  For a 6-month-old whose rattle is hidden by a blanket, reality is that it will appear again. 
A)  For a 6-month-old whose rattle is hidden by a blanket, reality is that the rattle no longer exists. 
B)  A 3-year-old boy believes that wearing girls' clothes or playing girls' games transforms him temporarily into a girl. 
C)  A 6-year-old is convinced that a baloney-and-cheese sandwich cut into quarters provides more to eat than when it is cut into halves. 
D)  For a 6-month-old whose rattle is hidden by a blanket, reality is that it will appear again.

Question 8

According to Piaget which stage of development is characterized by symbolic intelligence, expressed via language, imagery, and other modes, permitting children to mentally represent and compare objects out of immediate perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperations 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperations 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations

Question 9

Explain the concept of adaptation and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Adaptation is the organism's tendency to

Question 10

According to Piaget, in addition to quantitative differences in what 4-year-olds and in what 12-year-olds know, there are no qualitative differences in how they know it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the four major factors which contribute to development according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation, or the gradual unfolding of genetic plans 
B)  the physical environment, or the child's actions on objects in his or her world 
C)  social transmission, or the knowledge abstracted from people in the environment 
D)  agnostication, a concept unique to Piagetian theory 
A)  maturation, or the gradual unfolding of genetic plans 
B)  the physical environment, or the child's actions on objects in his or her world 
C)  social transmission, or the knowledge abstracted from people in the environment 
D)  agnostication, a concept unique to Piagetian theory

Question 12

In a classic study by De Vries (1969) with 3- to 6-year-old children with a trained cat named Maynard, she was able to demonstrate the notion of the appearance/reality distinction which

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object always corresponds to its reality. 
B)  refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object does not necessarily correspond to its reality. 
C)  the ability of 3- to 6-year-old children to reason with a trained cat. 
D)  the ability of Maynard to fool the children into believing it can bark or meow on command. 
A)  refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object always corresponds to its reality. 
B)  refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object does not necessarily correspond to its reality. 
C)  the ability of 3- to 6-year-old children to reason with a trained cat. 
D)  the ability of Maynard to fool the children into believing it can bark or meow on command.

Question 13

According to DeLoache (2010), how is representational insight defined?

Accepted Answer

A)  The knowledge that an entity can stand for something other than itself. 
B)  The knowledge that an entity is truly what it actually is. 
C)  The knowledge that an entity has the ability to change your idea. 
D)  The lack of knowledge that will be eventually acquired throughout development. 
A)  The knowledge that an entity can stand for something other than itself. 
B)  The knowledge that an entity is truly what it actually is. 
C)  The knowledge that an entity has the ability to change your idea. 
D)  The lack of knowledge that will be eventually acquired throughout development.

Question 14

How do children come to understand that pictures and models are symbols for other things?

Accepted Answer

In various studies, 2- and 3-year old ch

Question 15

What is the task called whereby preoperational children can classify objects on a single dimension (size or shape) but not both simultaneously. Concrete operational children realize that a woman can be both a mother and a daughter at the same time, something that preoperational children have a difficult time doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  multiple classification 
C)  class inclusion 
D)  seriation 
A)  conservation 
B)  multiple classification 
C)  class inclusion 
D)  seriation

Question 16

A week-old infant has one scheme for sucking and another for hand and arm movements. It doesn't take long, however, for these two schemes to become coordinated, resulting in a thumb-sucking scheme. What is this concept referred to as?

Accepted Answer

A)  complementarity 
B)  organization 
C)  adaptation 
D)  assimilation 
A)  complementarity 
B)  organization 
C)  adaptation 
D)  assimilation

Question 17

The appearance/reality distinction refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object does not necessarily correspond to its reality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Functional invariants describe two processes (disorganization and flexibility) that characterize all biological systems (including intelligence) and operate throughout the life span.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What did De Vries find out when she interviewed children regarding their beliefs about people wearing masks and about the constancy of gender as a result of certain irrelevant changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  She reported that 3-year-olds tended to believe that changes in appearance do not result in changes in identity. 
B)  She reported that 3-year-olds tended to believe that changes in appearance is not possible in any form. 
C)  She reported that 3-year-olds tended to believe that changes in appearance result in changes in identity. 
D)  She reported that 3-year-olds still do not have the ability to understand the difference between a change in appearance and a change is identity. 
A)  She reported that 3-year-olds tended to believe that changes in appearance do not result in changes in identity. 
B)  She reported that 3-year-olds tended to believe that changes in appearance is not possible in any form. 
C)  She reported that 3-year-olds tended to believe that changes in appearance result in changes in identity. 
D)  She reported that 3-year-olds still do not have the ability to understand the difference between a change in appearance and a change is identity.

Question 20

A scale error occurs when children attempt to use a miniature object, such as a toy car, as if it were a real one, by attempting to fit into it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Explain the concept of equilibration and provide an example.

According to Piaget, equilibration is achieved

Equilibration refers to the organism's attempt to keep its cognitive schemes in balance.

Adaptation is the organism's tendency to adjust its schemes to environmental demands.

According to Piaget which stage of development is characterized by symbolic and logical intelligence; thought is less egocentric and children' s thinking his limited to concrete phenomena and their own past experiences, that is thinking is not abstract.

What did Piaget mean when he believed that the mechanisms of cognitive development are domain general?

Which of the following is not an example of a qualitative difference?

According to Piaget which stage of development is characterized by symbolic intelligence, expressed via language, imagery, and other modes, permitting children to mentally represent and compare objects out of immediate perception?

Explain the concept of adaptation and provide an example.

According to Piaget, in addition to quantitative differences in what 4-year-olds and in what 12-year-olds know, there are no qualitative differences in how they know it.

Which of the following is not one of the four major factors which contribute to development according to Piaget?

In a classic study by De Vries (1969) with 3- to 6-year-old children with a trained cat named Maynard, she was able to demonstrate the notion of the appearance/reality distinction which

According to DeLoache (2010), how is representational insight defined?

How do children come to understand that pictures and models are symbols for other things?

A week-old infant has one scheme for sucking and another for hand and arm movements. It doesn't take long, however, for these two schemes to become coordinated, resulting in a thumb-sucking scheme. What is this concept referred to as?

The appearance/reality distinction refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object does not necessarily correspond to its reality.

Functional invariants describe two processes (disorganization and flexibility) that characterize all biological systems (including intelligence) and operate throughout the life span.

What did De Vries find out when she interviewed children regarding their beliefs about people wearing masks and about the constancy of gender as a result of certain irrelevant changes?

A scale error occurs when children attempt to use a miniature object, such as a toy car, as if it were a real one, by attempting to fit into it.

Introduction to Cognitive Development

Biological Bases of Cognitive Development

Social Construction of Mind: Sociocultural Perspectives on Cognitive Development

Infant Perception and Cognition

Development of Folk Knowledge

Learning to Think on Their Own: Executive Function, Strategies, and Problem Solving

Memory Development

Language Development

Social Cognition

Schooling and Cognitive Development

Approaches to the Study of Intelligence

Origins, Modification, and Stability of Intellectual Differences

Filters

Exam 5: Thinking in Symbols: Development of Representation

Explain the concept of equilibration and provide an example.

According to Piaget, equilibration is achieved

Equilibration refers to the organism's attempt to keep its cognitive schemes in balance.

Adaptation is the organism's tendency to adjust its schemes to environmental demands.

According to Piaget which stage of development is characterized by symbolic and logical intelligence; thought is less egocentric and children' s thinking his limited to concrete phenomena and their own past experiences, that is thinking is not abstract.

What did Piaget mean when he believed that the mechanisms of cognitive development are domain general?

Which of the following is not an example of a qualitative difference?

According to Piaget which stage of development is characterized by symbolic intelligence, expressed via language, imagery, and other modes, permitting children to mentally represent and compare objects out of immediate perception?

Explain the concept of adaptation and provide an example.

According to Piaget, in addition to quantitative differences in what 4-year-olds and in what 12-year-olds know, there are no qualitative differences in how they know it.

Which of the following is not one of the four major factors which contribute to development according to Piaget?

In a classic study by De Vries (1969) with 3- to 6-year-old children with a trained cat named Maynard, she was able to demonstrate the notion of the appearance/reality distinction which

According to DeLoache (2010), how is representational insight defined?

How do children come to understand that pictures and models are symbols for other things?

A week-old infant has one scheme for sucking and another for hand and arm movements. It doesn't take long, however, for these two schemes to become coordinated, resulting in a thumb-sucking scheme. What is this concept referred to as?

The appearance/reality distinction refers to the knowledge that the appearance of an object does not necessarily correspond to its reality.

Functional invariants describe two processes (disorganization and flexibility) that characterize all biological systems (including intelligence) and operate throughout the life span.

What did De Vries find out when she interviewed children regarding their beliefs about people wearing masks and about the constancy of gender as a result of certain irrelevant changes?

A scale error occurs when children attempt to use a miniature object, such as a toy car, as if it were a real one, by attempting to fit into it.

Introduction to Cognitive Development

Biological Bases of Cognitive Development

Social Construction of Mind: Sociocultural Perspectives on Cognitive Development

Infant Perception and Cognition

Development of Folk Knowledge

Learning to Think on Their Own: Executive Function, Strategies, and Problem Solving

Memory Development

Language Development

Social Cognition

Schooling and Cognitive Development

Approaches to the Study of Intelligence

Origins, Modification, and Stability of Intellectual Differences

Filters