Question 1

Which one of the following is not a biologically primary ability according to Geary (1995)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are intrinsically motivated to exercise biologically primary abilities and do so spontaneously. 
B)  Most children attain "expert" level of proficiency. 
C)  Are acquired by children in all environments. 
D)  Are acquired universally. 
A)  Children are intrinsically motivated to exercise biologically primary abilities and do so spontaneously. 
B)  Most children attain "expert" level of proficiency. 
C)  Are acquired by children in all environments. 
D)  Are acquired universally. C

Question 2

What did the findings of Fraga and colleagues (2015) reveal?

Accepted Answer

A)  As genetically identical individuals develop, their individual experiences can affect them at the cellular level. 
B)  When genetically dissimilar individuals develop, nothing can affect this experience. 
C)  Genetically identical individuals and genetically dissimilar individuals will eventually develop the same. 
D)  A circular relationship of cellular development can occur throughout development. 
A)  As genetically identical individuals develop, their individual experiences can affect them at the cellular level. 
B)  When genetically dissimilar individuals develop, nothing can affect this experience. 
C)  Genetically identical individuals and genetically dissimilar individuals will eventually develop the same. 
D)  A circular relationship of cellular development can occur throughout development. A

Question 3

According to Gottlieb (1991a) what is not a component of epigenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  reflects a bidirectional relationship between all levels of biological and experiential variables 
B)  genetic activity both influences and is influenced by structural maturation 
C)  reflects a circular relationship among maturational processes 
D)  bidirectionally related to function and activity 
A)  reflects a bidirectional relationship between all levels of biological and experiential variables 
B)  genetic activity both influences and is influenced by structural maturation 
C)  reflects a circular relationship among maturational processes 
D)  bidirectionally related to function and activity C

Question 4

According to Bjorklund, et.al. (2007), the concept of evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms are

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing mechanisms that have evolved to solve recurrent problems faced by ancestral populations. 
B)  data-enhanced mechanisms that have evolved to ensure a working brain. 
C)  data-driven-reinforced mechanisms evolving only in certain species. 
D)  another approach to understanding Piagetian concepts and theories. 
A)  information-processing mechanisms that have evolved to solve recurrent problems faced by ancestral populations. 
B)  data-enhanced mechanisms that have evolved to ensure a working brain. 
C)  data-driven-reinforced mechanisms evolving only in certain species. 
D)  another approach to understanding Piagetian concepts and theories.

Question 5

According to the text, the major principle of Darwin's theory is reproductive fitness, which refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the unlikelihood that an individual will become a parent and grandparent. 
B)  the likelihood that same-sex siblings will never be reproduced. 
C)  the likelihood that an individual will become a parent and grandparent. 
D)  the chance that mates will eventually find themselves a fit for each other. 
A)  the unlikelihood that an individual will become a parent and grandparent. 
B)  the likelihood that same-sex siblings will never be reproduced. 
C)  the likelihood that an individual will become a parent and grandparent. 
D)  the chance that mates will eventually find themselves a fit for each other.

Question 6

Synaptic pruning is the concept whereby the number of synapses per neuron is greatest between 4 and 8 months of life and decreases with age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The neocortex, or cerebral cortex, is a multilayered sheet of neurons, only 8-10 millimeters thick that surrounds the rest of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Briefly describe the sensitive period as the concept most central to the issue of the timing of development.

Accepted Answer

The sensitive period for a specific skil

Question 9

According to the textbook, when the course of a young child's or you animal's life changes drastically, patterns of development as we know it will cease or be seriously hampered negatively.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Architectural constraints refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  ways in which the architecture of the brain is organized at birth. 
B)  the development of the mental ability after birth. 
C)  the planting of seeds of knowledge to mature the brain. 
D)  the ability of the organized brain to overcome deficits. 
A)  ways in which the architecture of the brain is organized at birth. 
B)  the development of the mental ability after birth. 
C)  the planting of seeds of knowledge to mature the brain. 
D)  the ability of the organized brain to overcome deficits.

Question 11

Contemporary research indicates that new synaptic connections can be formed throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain the concept of Epigenesis?

Accepted Answer

Individual development is characterized

Question 13

The proposal that humans beginning in infancy have substantial learning capabilities and a strong capacity for probabilistic reasoning that interact with "expected" environments to produce specie-typical patterns of cognitive development is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroconstructivism. 
B)  neuroscience. 
C)  cognitive neuroscience. 
D)  neurolearning. 
A)  neuroconstructivism. 
B)  neuroscience. 
C)  cognitive neuroscience. 
D)  neurolearning.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a biologically secondary ability according to Geary (1995)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are culturally dependent, reflecting the cognitive skills that are important in a particular culture. 
B)  Do not have an evolutionary history but are built on biologically primary abilities. 
C)  Children are not intrinsically motivated to exercise them and must often be pressured by adults to acquire these skills. 
D)  Tedious practice is not necessary to master biologically secondary abilities. 
A)  Are culturally dependent, reflecting the cognitive skills that are important in a particular culture. 
B)  Do not have an evolutionary history but are built on biologically primary abilities. 
C)  Children are not intrinsically motivated to exercise them and must often be pressured by adults to acquire these skills. 
D)  Tedious practice is not necessary to master biologically secondary abilities.

Question 15

Processing that involves staying on task, resisting interference, and planning is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  executive function. 
B)  innate function. 
C)  psychological well-being. 
D)  comprehension functionality. 
A)  executive function. 
B)  innate function. 
C)  psychological well-being. 
D)  comprehension functionality.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a concept of the evolved probabilistic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are expressed in a probabilistic fashion in each individual in a generation. 
B)  They are based on the continuous and bidirectional interaction over time. 
C)  They are universal. 
D)  They have evolved to ensure the survival of the species. 
A)  They are expressed in a probabilistic fashion in each individual in a generation. 
B)  They are based on the continuous and bidirectional interaction over time. 
C)  They are universal. 
D)  They have evolved to ensure the survival of the species.

Question 17

Most developmental neuroscientists believe that brain development involves an extended process that is greatly influenced by postnatal experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What are the three general types of constraints specified by Elman and his colleagues (1996) which helps articulate the ways that cognitive developmentalists consider biology to constrain psychological development?

Accepted Answer

A)  parental, peer-influenced, and social 
B)  militaristic, socialistic, and democratic 
C)  architectural, reality-based, and chronotopic 
D)  architectural, chronotopic, and representational 
A)  parental, peer-influenced, and social 
B)  militaristic, socialistic, and democratic 
C)  architectural, reality-based, and chronotopic 
D)  architectural, chronotopic, and representational

Question 19

Chronotopic constraints refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  varied life events timing. 
B)  limitations on the development timing of events. 
C)  limitations on mature developmental abilities. 
D)  limitations discovered since the beginning of humankind. 
A)  varied life events timing. 
B)  limitations on the development timing of events. 
C)  limitations on mature developmental abilities. 
D)  limitations discovered since the beginning of humankind.

Question 20

All self-respecting developmentalists believe that development is

Accepted Answer

A)  a basic process of two components: brain ad body. 
B)  the result of an interaction between genetic/biological factors and environmental/experiential factors. 
C)  the result of a slow process ending in death. 
D)  a combination consisting only of biology and maturation. 
A)  a basic process of two components: brain ad body. 
B)  the result of an interaction between genetic/biological factors and environmental/experiential factors. 
C)  the result of a slow process ending in death. 
D)  a combination consisting only of biology and maturation.

Which one of the following is not a biologically primary ability according to Geary (1995)?

What did the findings of Fraga and colleagues (2015) reveal?

According to Gottlieb (1991a) what is not a component of epigenesis?

According to Bjorklund, et.al. (2007), the concept of evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms are

According to the text, the major principle of Darwin's theory is reproductive fitness, which refers to

Synaptic pruning is the concept whereby the number of synapses per neuron is greatest between 4 and 8 months of life and decreases with age.

The neocortex, or cerebral cortex, is a multilayered sheet of neurons, only 8-10 millimeters thick that surrounds the rest of the brain.

Briefly describe the sensitive period as the concept most central to the issue of the timing of development.

According to the textbook, when the course of a young child's or you animal's life changes drastically, patterns of development as we know it will cease or be seriously hampered negatively.

Architectural constraints refer to

Contemporary research indicates that new synaptic connections can be formed throughout life.

Explain the concept of Epigenesis?

The proposal that humans beginning in infancy have substantial learning capabilities and a strong capacity for probabilistic reasoning that interact with "expected" environments to produce specie-typical patterns of cognitive development is known as:

Which of the following is not a biologically secondary ability according to Geary (1995)?

Processing that involves staying on task, resisting interference, and planning is known as

Which of the following is not a concept of the evolved probabilistic mechanism?

Most developmental neuroscientists believe that brain development involves an extended process that is greatly influenced by postnatal experience.

What are the three general types of constraints specified by Elman and his colleagues (1996) which helps articulate the ways that cognitive developmentalists consider biology to constrain psychological development?

Chronotopic constraints refer to

All self-respecting developmentalists believe that development is

Introduction to Cognitive Development

Social Construction of Mind: Sociocultural Perspectives on Cognitive Development

Infant Perception and Cognition

Thinking in Symbols: Development of Representation

Development of Folk Knowledge

Learning to Think on Their Own: Executive Function, Strategies, and Problem Solving

Memory Development

Language Development

Social Cognition

Schooling and Cognitive Development

Approaches to the Study of Intelligence

Origins, Modification, and Stability of Intellectual Differences

Filters

Exam 2: Biological Bases of Cognitive Development

Which one of the following is not a biologically primary ability according to Geary (1995)?

What did the findings of Fraga and colleagues (2015) reveal?

According to Gottlieb (1991a) what is not a component of epigenesis?

According to Bjorklund, et.al. (2007), the concept of evolved probabilistic cognitive mechanisms are

According to the text, the major principle of Darwin's theory is reproductive fitness, which refers to

Synaptic pruning is the concept whereby the number of synapses per neuron is greatest between 4 and 8 months of life and decreases with age.

The neocortex, or cerebral cortex, is a multilayered sheet of neurons, only 8-10 millimeters thick that surrounds the rest of the brain.

Briefly describe the sensitive period as the concept most central to the issue of the timing of development.

According to the textbook, when the course of a young child's or you animal's life changes drastically, patterns of development as we know it will cease or be seriously hampered negatively.

Architectural constraints refer to

Contemporary research indicates that new synaptic connections can be formed throughout life.

Explain the concept of Epigenesis?

The proposal that humans beginning in infancy have substantial learning capabilities and a strong capacity for probabilistic reasoning that interact with "expected" environments to produce specie-typical patterns of cognitive development is known as:

Which of the following is not a biologically secondary ability according to Geary (1995)?

Processing that involves staying on task, resisting interference, and planning is known as

Which of the following is not a concept of the evolved probabilistic mechanism?

Most developmental neuroscientists believe that brain development involves an extended process that is greatly influenced by postnatal experience.

What are the three general types of constraints specified by Elman and his colleagues (1996) which helps articulate the ways that cognitive developmentalists consider biology to constrain psychological development?

Chronotopic constraints refer to

All self-respecting developmentalists believe that development is

Introduction to Cognitive Development

Social Construction of Mind: Sociocultural Perspectives on Cognitive Development

Infant Perception and Cognition

Thinking in Symbols: Development of Representation

Development of Folk Knowledge

Learning to Think on Their Own: Executive Function, Strategies, and Problem Solving

Memory Development

Language Development

Social Cognition

Schooling and Cognitive Development

Approaches to the Study of Intelligence

Origins, Modification, and Stability of Intellectual Differences

Filters