Exam 4: Social Groups and Format Organizations

In the U.S., work is

Symbolic interactionists contend that human beings in organizations are spongelike, malleable organisms who passively conform to the bureaucratic requirements.

One of the principal factors that contributed to the fighting effectiveness of the German military units in World War II was

Research has shown that the informal group is

The ________ approach allows informally dressed employees to manage themselves, use the office as a "funhouse," and work 70-hour weeks.

Studies on leadership show that

Ethnomethodology refers to rules and activities that people employ in making social life and society intelligible.

A shared illusion of invulnerability that leads to undue overconfidence and willingness to take risks is called

Although the leading cause of death for U.S. teenagers is car crashes, the death rate drops when teens travel in groups.

Research seems to indicate that the optimum group size for problem solving is ___________ members.

Garrett J. Hardin's tragedy of the commons illustrates a social dilemma in which the consequences of personal self-interest are social disaster.

Research has shown that the popular adage "two's company, three's a crowd" is meaningless; there's no real difference between a two-person and a three-person group.

The concepts of in-group and out-group are important because they highlight the physical barriers to group membership for many different people.

More than a third of all deaths of 15- to 19-year-olds result from

Formal organizations

Sociologist Charles Perrow argued that bureaucracies are characterized by a substantial measure of redundancy, slack, and waste, and said that the Sanitation Department of New York City

Formal organizations do NOT include

Although the abstract definition of bureaucracy may appear irrelevant to the daily lives of most people,

Two or more people who share a sense of unity and who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interaction are known as a

In some social situations, one member of a group makes a contribution to the general welfare of his or her group that makes other members feel that their contribution is unnecessary. These noncontributing members are called