Question 1

_____ defines how variables will be used in a study, whereas _____ defines a variable in theoretical terms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptual definition; operational definition 
B)  Conceptual definition; experimental design 
C)  Operational definition; conceptual definition 
D)  Operational definition; experimental design 
A)  Conceptual definition; operational definition 
B)  Conceptual definition; experimental design 
C)  Operational definition; conceptual definition 
D)  Operational definition; experimental design C

Question 2

(Scenario I) Which of the following is the best conclusion of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The results suggest that pain tolerance can be affected behaviorally, particularly by vocalizing one's discomfort. 
B)  These data prove that vocalizing one's discomfort to a painful stimulus will increase their pain tolerance. 
C)  The results of the study show that people who vocalize their discomfort have a greater tolerance for pain, regardless of whether they choose to vocalize their discomfort or not. 
D)  All of these conclusions are equally acceptable. 
A)  The results suggest that pain tolerance can be affected behaviorally, particularly by vocalizing one's discomfort. 
B)  These data prove that vocalizing one's discomfort to a painful stimulus will increase their pain tolerance. 
C)  The results of the study show that people who vocalize their discomfort have a greater tolerance for pain, regardless of whether they choose to vocalize their discomfort or not. 
D)  All of these conclusions are equally acceptable. A

Question 3

In an experiment, the researcher _____ the independent variable and _____ the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  measures; manipulates 
B)  manipulates; observes 
C)  measures; holds constant 
D)  manipulates; holds constant 
A)  measures; manipulates 
B)  manipulates; observes 
C)  measures; holds constant 
D)  manipulates; holds constant B

Question 4

Dr. Dasha is a developmental psychologist who is interested in investigating the relationship between parents and their children. A literature search revealed that more flexible parenting styles led to happier children. However, Dr. Dasha is also curious whether children with generally good temperaments tend to nurture more flexible parenting styles by their parents. In this instance, Dr. Dasha is demonstrating which strategy for generating a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  utilizing introspection 
B)  finding the exception to the rule 
C)  changing the directionality 
D)  thinking about variables in terms of amount or degrees 
A)  utilizing introspection 
B)  finding the exception to the rule 
C)  changing the directionality 
D)  thinking about variables in terms of amount or degrees

Question 5

Tomas recently joined a gym and has noticed that all of the men tend to wear similar workout apparel. This led him to think about why he wears certain clothes to exercise. Based on self-reflection he hypothesizes that there is an unspoken social norm that guides clothing selection for the gym. What strategy is Tomas using for developing a good hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  change in directionality 
B)  the exception to the rule 
C)  introspection 
D)  a matter of degree 
A)  change in directionality 
B)  the exception to the rule 
C)  introspection 
D)  a matter of degree

Question 6

When a researcher uses an experimental design as his or her research method, he or she is most likely examining:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause and effect. 
B)  naturally occurring relationships. 
C)  a person's thoughts and beliefs. 
D)  the predictor variable. 
A)  cause and effect. 
B)  naturally occurring relationships. 
C)  a person's thoughts and beliefs. 
D)  the predictor variable.

Question 7

What is a variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  an exact listing of steps a researcher takes when collecting data 
B)  a factor that does not change and remains consistent 
C)  an element that the experimenter expects to change 
D)  an observation that has been replicated many times with the same result 
A)  an exact listing of steps a researcher takes when collecting data 
B)  a factor that does not change and remains consistent 
C)  an element that the experimenter expects to change 
D)  an observation that has been replicated many times with the same result

Question 8

A between-subjects study assesses each participant once; whereas a:

Accepted Answer

A)  within-subjects study never assesses a participant. 
B)  within-subjects study assesses each participant multiples times. 
C)  longitudinal study only assesses a participant one time. 
D)  longitudinal study never assesses a participant. 
A)  within-subjects study never assesses a participant. 
B)  within-subjects study assesses each participant multiples times. 
C)  longitudinal study only assesses a participant one time. 
D)  longitudinal study never assesses a participant.

Question 9

Each of the following is a demonstration of the Barnum effect EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  horoscopes. 
B)  fortune cookies. 
C)  tarot cards. 
D)  the MMPI-2 Personality Inventory. 
A)  horoscopes. 
B)  fortune cookies. 
C)  tarot cards. 
D)  the MMPI-2 Personality Inventory.

Question 10

Why might a researcher consider it easier to publish a book than a journal article?

Accepted Answer

A)  research articles are not peer-reviewed 
B)  books are not peer-reviewed 
C)  research articles are subjective 
D)  books are shorter 
A)  research articles are not peer-reviewed 
B)  books are not peer-reviewed 
C)  research articles are subjective 
D)  books are shorter

Question 11

Nadya is trying to determine what vegetables will grow best in her garden. She decides to plant four different types of vegetables and then conduct a systematic observation to determine which vegetable plant thrives in that environment. She is using which research design to answer her question?

Accepted Answer

A)  within-subjects 
B)  between-subjects 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  nonexperimental 
A)  within-subjects 
B)  between-subjects 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  nonexperimental

Question 12

(Scenario I) Suppose the researchers still measured the effect of all five treatments on pain tolerance, but each participant was measured under all of the treatment conditions. In making this adjustment the research design would change from a _____ design to a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  between-subjects; within-subjects 
B)  within-subjects; longitudinal 
C)  longitudinal; between-subjects 
D)  within-subjects; between-subjects 
A)  between-subjects; within-subjects 
B)  within-subjects; longitudinal 
C)  longitudinal; between-subjects 
D)  within-subjects; between-subjects

Question 13

Researchers generally decide on the conceptual definition _____ they develop an operational definition.

Accepted Answer

A)  before 
B)  after 
C)  while 
D)  with no regard for how 
A)  before 
B)  after 
C)  while 
D)  with no regard for how

Question 14

Statistics are necessary because:

Accepted Answer

A)  accurately detecting patterns in data is easy. 
B)  qualitative research is not scientific. 
C)  they help scientists to overcome biases in human processing. 
D)  they enhance the likelihood of making errors. 
A)  accurately detecting patterns in data is easy. 
B)  qualitative research is not scientific. 
C)  they help scientists to overcome biases in human processing. 
D)  they enhance the likelihood of making errors.

Question 15

A definition of how variables will be used in the study is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  variable. 
B)  constant. 
C)  conceptual definition. 
D)  operational definition. 
A)  variable. 
B)  constant. 
C)  conceptual definition. 
D)  operational definition.

Question 16

The _____ is the potential causal variable in a nonexperimental design.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  predictor variable 
D)  criterion variable 
A)  independent variable 
B)  dependent variable 
C)  predictor variable 
D)  criterion variable

Question 17

Based on your understanding of the research process, which of the following is the initial step in the process?

Accepted Answer

A)  recruit participants 
B)  analyze data 
C)  conduct a literature review 
D)  draw conclusions 
A)  recruit participants 
B)  analyze data 
C)  conduct a literature review 
D)  draw conclusions

Question 18

Where would someone look to find the most cutting-edge empirical findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  academic journal 
B)  book 
C)  research conference 
D)  infomercials 
A)  academic journal 
B)  book 
C)  research conference 
D)  infomercials

Question 19

Why are most philosophical questions poorly suited for empirical investigation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Philosophy is not an important discipline. 
B)  Most philosophical questions cannot be objectively measured. 
C)  Empirical investigations can only test unobservable behaviors. 
D)  Philosophy is inherently unscientific and thus does not necessitate investigation. 
A)  Philosophy is not an important discipline. 
B)  Most philosophical questions cannot be objectively measured. 
C)  Empirical investigations can only test unobservable behaviors. 
D)  Philosophy is inherently unscientific and thus does not necessitate investigation.

Question 20

Good hypotheses must be:

Accepted Answer

A)  general. 
B)  falsifiable. 
C)  vague. 
D)  bidirectional. 
A)  general. 
B)  falsifiable. 
C)  vague. 
D)  bidirectional.

_ defines how variables will be used in a study, whereas _ defines a variable in theoretical terms.

(Scenario I) Which of the following is the best conclusion of this study?

In an experiment, the researcher _ the independent variable and _ the dependent variable.

When a researcher uses an experimental design as his or her research method, he or she is most likely examining:

What is a variable?

A between-subjects study assesses each participant once; whereas a:

Each of the following is a demonstration of the Barnum effect EXCEPT:

Why might a researcher consider it easier to publish a book than a journal article?

Nadya is trying to determine what vegetables will grow best in her garden. She decides to plant four different types of vegetables and then conduct a systematic observation to determine which vegetable plant thrives in that environment. She is using which research design to answer her question?

(Scenario I) Suppose the researchers still measured the effect of all five treatments on pain tolerance, but each participant was measured under all of the treatment conditions. In making this adjustment the research design would change from a _ design to a _ design.

Researchers generally decide on the conceptual definition _____ they develop an operational definition.

Statistics are necessary because:

A definition of how variables will be used in the study is known as the:

The _____ is the potential causal variable in a nonexperimental design.

Based on your understanding of the research process, which of the following is the initial step in the process?

Where would someone look to find the most cutting-edge empirical findings?

Why are most philosophical questions poorly suited for empirical investigation?

Good hypotheses must be:

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Exam 2: The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

_____ defines how variables will be used in a study, whereas _____ defines a variable in theoretical terms.

(Scenario I) Which of the following is the best conclusion of this study?

In an experiment, the researcher _____ the independent variable and _____ the dependent variable.

When a researcher uses an experimental design as his or her research method, he or she is most likely examining:

What is a variable?

A between-subjects study assesses each participant once; whereas a:

Each of the following is a demonstration of the Barnum effect EXCEPT:

Why might a researcher consider it easier to publish a book than a journal article?

Nadya is trying to determine what vegetables will grow best in her garden. She decides to plant four different types of vegetables and then conduct a systematic observation to determine which vegetable plant thrives in that environment. She is using which research design to answer her question?

(Scenario I) Suppose the researchers still measured the effect of all five treatments on pain tolerance, but each participant was measured under all of the treatment conditions. In making this adjustment the research design would change from a _____ design to a _____ design.

Researchers generally decide on the conceptual definition _____ they develop an operational definition.

Statistics are necessary because:

A definition of how variables will be used in the study is known as the:

The _____ is the potential causal variable in a nonexperimental design.

Based on your understanding of the research process, which of the following is the initial step in the process?

Where would someone look to find the most cutting-edge empirical findings?

Why are most philosophical questions poorly suited for empirical investigation?

Good hypotheses must be:

Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

_ defines how variables will be used in a study, whereas _ defines a variable in theoretical terms.

In an experiment, the researcher _ the independent variable and _ the dependent variable.

(Scenario I) Suppose the researchers still measured the effect of all five treatments on pain tolerance, but each participant was measured under all of the treatment conditions. In making this adjustment the research design would change from a _ design to a _ design.