Question 1

The _____ heuristic relies on how readily instances come to mind, whereas the _____ heuristic relies on how typical that instance is.

Accepted Answer

A)  availability; confirmation 
B)  availability; representativeness 
C)  representativeness; availability 
D)  representativeness; confirmation 
A)  availability; confirmation 
B)  availability; representativeness 
C)  representativeness; availability 
D)  representativeness; confirmation B

Question 2

Which of the following means a willingness to test ideas using the scientific method to draw conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  open-mindedness 
B)  skepticism 
C)  empiricism 
D)  creativity 
A)  open-mindedness 
B)  skepticism 
C)  empiricism 
D)  creativity C

Question 3

April is studying lucid dreaming, specifically examining whether people can control their dreams while remaining asleep. Adam is examining whether lucid dreaming can be utilized to solve previously unsolvable problems, like preventing cancer. April is conducting _____ research, whereas Adam is conducting _____ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudoscientific; scientific 
B)  scientific; pseudoscientific 
C)  applied; basic 
D)  basic; applied 
A)  pseudoscientific; scientific 
B)  scientific; pseudoscientific 
C)  applied; basic 
D)  basic; applied D

Question 4

Generally speaking, _____ research serves as the foundation for _____ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  basic; applied 
B)  basic; empirical 
C)  applied; empirical 
D)  applied; basic 
A)  basic; applied 
B)  basic; empirical 
C)  applied; empirical 
D)  applied; basic

Question 5

According to the representativeness heuristic, who of the following are you most likely to think of as an Olympic athlete?

Accepted Answer

A)  a curvaceous woman in her mid-30s 
B)  a physically fit man in his early 20s 
C)  an elderly woman who wears her hair in a bun 
D)  a middle-aged man who is overweight 
A)  a curvaceous woman in her mid-30s 
B)  a physically fit man in his early 20s 
C)  an elderly woman who wears her hair in a bun 
D)  a middle-aged man who is overweight

Question 6

(Scenario II) The researcher who administered the intranasal spray to participants in Scenario II did not know whether the spray contained OXT. This procedure was probably implemented to enhance:

Accepted Answer

A)  open-mindedness. 
B)  objectivity. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  communication. 
A)  open-mindedness. 
B)  objectivity. 
C)  empiricism. 
D)  communication.

Question 7

The difference between nonempirical and empirical research is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nonempirical research is conducted by a trained professional, whereas empirical research is conducted by a novice. 
B)  nonempirical research is based on systematic measurement, whereas empirical research is based on opinion. 
C)  nonempirical research is based on opinion, whereas empirical research is based on systematic measurement. 
D)  nonempirical research is systematic measurement conducted by a novice, whereas empirical research is based on systematic measurement conducted by a trained professional. 
A)  nonempirical research is conducted by a trained professional, whereas empirical research is conducted by a novice. 
B)  nonempirical research is based on systematic measurement, whereas empirical research is based on opinion. 
C)  nonempirical research is based on opinion, whereas empirical research is based on systematic measurement. 
D)  nonempirical research is systematic measurement conducted by a novice, whereas empirical research is based on systematic measurement conducted by a trained professional.

Question 8

An outlier is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a case that is distinct from the majority of other cases. 
B)  a case that is similar to the majority of other cases. 
C)  an example of the representativeness heuristic. 
D)  an example of the availability heuristic. 
A)  a case that is distinct from the majority of other cases. 
B)  a case that is similar to the majority of other cases. 
C)  an example of the representativeness heuristic. 
D)  an example of the availability heuristic.

Question 9

The better-than-average effect occurs when an individual:

Accepted Answer

A)  judges the likelihood of an event based on how easily he/she can think of similar instances. 
B)  evaluates an event by comparing it to a "typical" example. 
C)  overestimates his/her own skills and abilities as compared to others. 
D)  searches for evidence that supports preexisting beliefs. 
A)  judges the likelihood of an event based on how easily he/she can think of similar instances. 
B)  evaluates an event by comparing it to a "typical" example. 
C)  overestimates his/her own skills and abilities as compared to others. 
D)  searches for evidence that supports preexisting beliefs.

Question 10

Humans have a tendency to _____ anecdotes and personal experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  undervalue 
B)  overvalue 
C)  ignore 
D)  discount 
A)  undervalue 
B)  overvalue 
C)  ignore 
D)  discount

Question 11

(Scenario III) Jenny cites four reasons why she believes exercising outdoors enhances mood. Which of the following reasons is anecdotal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jenny remembers from her Introductory Psych course learning about Seasonal Affective Disorder, which is related to not spending enough time outdoors. 
B)  An article in Psychology Today described that actress Mayim Bialik, who earned her Ph.D. in Neuroscience from UCLA, runs five miles each day in Central Park and seems to be a really happy person. 
C)  A recent paper in Cognitive Psychology reported that 10th graders whose daily physical activity class is held outdoors are significantly happier than 10th graders whose PE class is held indoors. 
D)  While at a regional conference, Jenny listened to a talk describing how being outdoors in nature for just 10 minutes can significantly enhance one's mood. 
A)  Jenny remembers from her Introductory Psych course learning about Seasonal Affective Disorder, which is related to not spending enough time outdoors. 
B)  An article in Psychology Today described that actress Mayim Bialik, who earned her Ph.D. in Neuroscience from UCLA, runs five miles each day in Central Park and seems to be a really happy person. 
C)  A recent paper in Cognitive Psychology reported that 10th graders whose daily physical activity class is held outdoors are significantly happier than 10th graders whose PE class is held indoors. 
D)  While at a regional conference, Jenny listened to a talk describing how being outdoors in nature for just 10 minutes can significantly enhance one's mood.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  recreating another person's study to see if the findings are the same 
B)  using one's thoughts as evidence for the nature of psychological phenomena 
C)  designing research to be used in real world situations 
D)  gaining knowledge from nonsystematic methods of investigation 
A)  recreating another person's study to see if the findings are the same 
B)  using one's thoughts as evidence for the nature of psychological phenomena 
C)  designing research to be used in real world situations 
D)  gaining knowledge from nonsystematic methods of investigation

Question 13

A good scientist balances their skepticism with a healthy dose of:

Accepted Answer

A)  creativity. 
B)  open-mindedness. 
C)  objectivity. 
D)  empiricism. 
A)  creativity. 
B)  open-mindedness. 
C)  objectivity. 
D)  empiricism.

Question 14

The _____ skeptical one is, the _____ likely they are to believe pseudoscience claims.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; less 
B)  less; more 
C)  more; less 
D)  more; more 
A)  less; less 
B)  less; more 
C)  more; less 
D)  more; more

Question 15

In what way does a research methods course differ from other psychology courses, such as developmental psychology and biopsychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research methods courses focus on concepts and content. 
B)  Research methods courses emphasize the use of the scientific method to answer questions. 
C)  Memorizing is more important in research methods courses than in other courses. 
D)  Only biopsychology courses emphasize the use of the scientific method to answer questions. 
A)  Research methods courses focus on concepts and content. 
B)  Research methods courses emphasize the use of the scientific method to answer questions. 
C)  Memorizing is more important in research methods courses than in other courses. 
D)  Only biopsychology courses emphasize the use of the scientific method to answer questions.

Question 16

Jerico attended the Kentucky Derby but decided not to bet on any of the horses. When American Pharoah won, he said to his friends, "I should have put money on that horse, because I knew he was going to win!" Jerico's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  hindsight bias. 
D)  the overconfidence phenomenon. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the representativeness heuristic. 
C)  hindsight bias. 
D)  the overconfidence phenomenon.

Question 17

Confirmation bias is the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)  judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily one can think of similar instances. 
B)  only look for evidence that upholds what they already believe to be true. 
C)  overestimate one's skills and abilities as compared with others. 
D)  see the event as having been predictable. 
A)  judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily one can think of similar instances. 
B)  only look for evidence that upholds what they already believe to be true. 
C)  overestimate one's skills and abilities as compared with others. 
D)  see the event as having been predictable.

Question 18

What is skepticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  the willingness to ask questions 
B)  the ability to consider novel ways to approach questions 
C)  the tendency to accept claims at face value 
D)  the inability to accept uncertainty 
A)  the willingness to ask questions 
B)  the ability to consider novel ways to approach questions 
C)  the tendency to accept claims at face value 
D)  the inability to accept uncertainty

Question 19

The _____ you believe pseudoscience claims, the _____ likely you are to make well-informed decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; more 
B)  more; less 
C)  less; more 
D)  less; less 
A)  more; more 
B)  more; less 
C)  less; more 
D)  less; less

Question 20

_____ is the tendency to maintain an assumption despite encountering contradictory factual information, often by interpreting information in a way that does not invalidate the original assumption.

Accepted Answer

A)  The availability heuristic 
B)  Overconfidence 
C)  Hindsight bias 
D)  Belief perseverance 
A)  The availability heuristic 
B)  Overconfidence 
C)  Hindsight bias 
D)  Belief perseverance

The _ heuristic relies on how readily instances come to mind, whereas the _ heuristic relies on how typical that instance is.

Which of the following means a willingness to test ideas using the scientific method to draw conclusions?

Generally speaking, _ research serves as the foundation for _ research.

According to the representativeness heuristic, who of the following are you most likely to think of as an Olympic athlete?

(Scenario II) The researcher who administered the intranasal spray to participants in Scenario II did not know whether the spray contained OXT. This procedure was probably implemented to enhance:

The difference between nonempirical and empirical research is:

An outlier is:

The better-than-average effect occurs when an individual:

Humans have a tendency to _____ anecdotes and personal experience.

(Scenario III) Jenny cites four reasons why she believes exercising outdoors enhances mood. Which of the following reasons is anecdotal?

Which of the following is an example of replication?

A good scientist balances their skepticism with a healthy dose of:

The _ skeptical one is, the _ likely they are to believe pseudoscience claims.

In what way does a research methods course differ from other psychology courses, such as developmental psychology and biopsychology?

Jerico attended the Kentucky Derby but decided not to bet on any of the horses. When American Pharoah won, he said to his friends, "I should have put money on that horse, because I knew he was going to win!" Jerico's behavior is an example of:

Confirmation bias is the tendency to:

What is skepticism?

The _ you believe pseudoscience claims, the _ likely you are to make well-informed decisions.

_____ is the tendency to maintain an assumption despite encountering contradictory factual information, often by interpreting information in a way that does not invalidate the original assumption.

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

Exam 1: Psychology As a Science: Thinking Like a Researcher

The _____ heuristic relies on how readily instances come to mind, whereas the _____ heuristic relies on how typical that instance is.

Which of the following means a willingness to test ideas using the scientific method to draw conclusions?

Generally speaking, _____ research serves as the foundation for _____ research.

According to the representativeness heuristic, who of the following are you most likely to think of as an Olympic athlete?

(Scenario II) The researcher who administered the intranasal spray to participants in Scenario II did not know whether the spray contained OXT. This procedure was probably implemented to enhance:

The difference between nonempirical and empirical research is:

An outlier is:

The better-than-average effect occurs when an individual:

Humans have a tendency to _____ anecdotes and personal experience.

(Scenario III) Jenny cites four reasons why she believes exercising outdoors enhances mood. Which of the following reasons is anecdotal?

Which of the following is an example of replication?

A good scientist balances their skepticism with a healthy dose of:

The _____ skeptical one is, the _____ likely they are to believe pseudoscience claims.

In what way does a research methods course differ from other psychology courses, such as developmental psychology and biopsychology?

Jerico attended the Kentucky Derby but decided not to bet on any of the horses. When American Pharoah won, he said to his friends, "I should have put money on that horse, because I knew he was going to win!" Jerico's behavior is an example of:

Confirmation bias is the tendency to:

What is skepticism?

The _____ you believe pseudoscience claims, the _____ likely you are to make well-informed decisions.

_____ is the tendency to maintain an assumption despite encountering contradictory factual information, often by interpreting information in a way that does not invalidate the original assumption.

The Research Process: Ideas to Innovations

Ethics: Making Ethical Decisions

The Psychologists Toolbox: Tools for Building Better Designs

Qualitative Research: Getting Into the Mind of a Serial Killer

Observational Research: the Many Forms of Discipline in Parents Bag of Tricks

Survey Design and Scale Construction: Is Going Greek a Great Idea

Two-Group Design: Texting: I Cant Get You Out of My Mind

Multigroup Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Within-Subjects Design: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

Mixed Design: Which Therapy Is Best for Treating Eating Disorders

Using Research in the Real World: How Do You Know If You Are Truly Helping

Filters

The _ heuristic relies on how readily instances come to mind, whereas the _ heuristic relies on how typical that instance is.

Generally speaking, _ research serves as the foundation for _ research.

The _ skeptical one is, the _ likely they are to believe pseudoscience claims.

The _ you believe pseudoscience claims, the _ likely you are to make well-informed decisions.