Question 1

Only one of the following definitely illustrates high self-efficacy.Which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Alexis knows she is a good singer. 
B) Elsa swims the fastest butterfly on the swim team. 
C) Carmen enjoys being with her friends. 
D) Danielle recently got a score of 120 on an intelligence test. 
A) Alexis knows she is a good singer. 
B) Elsa swims the fastest butterfly on the swim team. 
C) Carmen enjoys being with her friends. 
D) Danielle recently got a score of 120 on an intelligence test. A

Question 2

Should students ever be allowed to fail at classroom tasks? According to social cognitive theorists, the answer is:

Accepted Answer

A) yes because self-efficacy is highest when students fail at a task several times in a row before accomplishing it successfully. 
B) yes because occasional failures interspersed among frequent successes teach students that perseverance pays off. 
C) no because failure gives students the message that school is not an enjoyable place. 
D) no because even a single failure can seriously deflate students' self-efficacy. 
A) yes because self-efficacy is highest when students fail at a task several times in a row before accomplishing it successfully. 
B) yes because occasional failures interspersed among frequent successes teach students that perseverance pays off. 
C) no because failure gives students the message that school is not an enjoyable place. 
D) no because even a single failure can seriously deflate students' self-efficacy. B

Question 3

Three of the following experiences should promote higher self-efficacy about the task in question.Which one probably will not?

Accepted Answer

A) Andrea discovers that she only does well on her weekly spelling tests when she wears her lucky necklace. 
B) On the first day of geometry, Bob's teacher tells the class, "The things in your textbook may look difficult to you now, but with a little effort and practice you'll have the basics down pat by December." 
C) Erin does better in her Spanish class than she expected to. 
D) Aiden's friend tells him, "You shouldn't have any problem in Canadian Literature.I'm no smarter than you are, and I got an A." 
A) Andrea discovers that she only does well on her weekly spelling tests when she wears her lucky necklace. 
B) On the first day of geometry, Bob's teacher tells the class, "The things in your textbook may look difficult to you now, but with a little effort and practice you'll have the basics down pat by December." 
C) Erin does better in her Spanish class than she expected to. 
D) Aiden's friend tells him, "You shouldn't have any problem in Canadian Literature.I'm no smarter than you are, and I got an A." A

Question 4

Three of the following are said to promote self-regulation among students with special educational needs.Which one of the following does not necessarily promote such skills?

Accepted Answer

A) self-observation 
B) self-reinforcement 
C) self-esteem 
D) self-regulated problem-solving 
A) self-observation 
B) self-reinforcement 
C) self-esteem 
D) self-regulated problem-solving

Question 5

Imagine that you are a teacher at a junior high school.Below are four behaviours you might exhibit in your classroom.Considering the discussion in the textbook regarding modelling, choose the behaviour your students are least likely to imitate.

Accepted Answer

A) You show them how to estimate the price of an outfit they might want to buy. 
B) You show them how to fill out their class schedule form for next year. 
C) You show them how much you enjoy reading professional education journals. 
D) You show them how to make a tasty fruit drink for a hot day. 
A) You show them how to estimate the price of an outfit they might want to buy. 
B) You show them how to fill out their class schedule form for next year. 
C) You show them how much you enjoy reading professional education journals. 
D) You show them how to make a tasty fruit drink for a hot day.

Question 6

Three of the following are aspects of self-regulation as social cognitive theorists describe it.Which one is not necessarily an example of self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) setting standards regarding what is acceptable behaviour for oneself 
B) asking a classmate for help on an assignment 
C) reinforcing oneself for appropriate behaviour 
D) punishing oneself for inappropriate behaviour 
A) setting standards regarding what is acceptable behaviour for oneself 
B) asking a classmate for help on an assignment 
C) reinforcing oneself for appropriate behaviour 
D) punishing oneself for inappropriate behaviour

Question 7

When are students most likely to work toward goals?

Accepted Answer

A) when their teachers have very high expectations of them 
B) when they list only a few goals to accomplish 
C) when they set the goals for themselves 
D) when their parents have set their goals 
A) when their teachers have very high expectations of them 
B) when they list only a few goals to accomplish 
C) when they set the goals for themselves 
D) when their parents have set their goals

Question 8

Several students in Mr.Marshall's class have trouble keeping themselves on task during independent seatwork assignments.Mr.Marshall gives each of these students a piece of paper on which they are to make a check mark every time they find themselves doing something other than their assignment during seatwork time.Mr.Marshall is using which one of the following techniques for changing behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) a contingency contract 
B) reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour 
C) removal punishment 
D) self-monitoring 
A) a contingency contract 
B) reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour 
C) removal punishment 
D) self-monitoring

Question 9

Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning:

Accepted Answer

A) communication skills. 
B) socially appropriate behaviours. 
C) through observations of others. 
D) from a sociological rather than psychological perspective. 
A) communication skills. 
B) socially appropriate behaviours. 
C) through observations of others. 
D) from a sociological rather than psychological perspective.

Question 10

Ms.MacKenzie promises her students special treats if they turn in their homework assignments the next day.The following day Ms.MacKenzie forgets to bring the treats she promised.From the perspective of social cognitive theory, what has just happened to the students who turned in their homework assignments?

Accepted Answer

A) They have been negatively reinforced for doing so. 
B) They have been punished for doing so. 
C) They have been vicariously reinforced for doing so. 
D) Their behaviour has been extinguished. 
A) They have been negatively reinforced for doing so. 
B) They have been punished for doing so. 
C) They have been vicariously reinforced for doing so. 
D) Their behaviour has been extinguished.

Question 11

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote self-regulated learning.Which teacher, while almost certainly helping students learn more effectively, is probably not promoting self-regulated learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Henry recruits several parents to provide one-on-one tutoring for students who are having difficulty in a particular subject area. 
B) Mr.Isaacs gives his students several criteria they should use to evaluate their own research papers. 
C) Mr.Jankowski has his students work in small groups to learn about various endangered species. 
D) Ms.Lin requires all her students to do projects for the school science fair, but she lets them make their own decisions about the nature of their projects. 
A) Ms.Henry recruits several parents to provide one-on-one tutoring for students who are having difficulty in a particular subject area. 
B) Mr.Isaacs gives his students several criteria they should use to evaluate their own research papers. 
C) Mr.Jankowski has his students work in small groups to learn about various endangered species. 
D) Ms.Lin requires all her students to do projects for the school science fair, but she lets them make their own decisions about the nature of their projects.

Question 12

Which strategy for promoting self-regulation is most consistent with Vygotsky's concept of self-talk?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-reinforcement-praising oneself for appropriate behaviour. 
B) Self-instructions-reminding oneself about appropriate actions. 
C) Self-monitoring-keeping track of how one is behaving. 
D) Self-punishment-reprimanding oneself for inappropriate behaviour. 
A) Self-reinforcement-praising oneself for appropriate behaviour. 
B) Self-instructions-reminding oneself about appropriate actions. 
C) Self-monitoring-keeping track of how one is behaving. 
D) Self-punishment-reprimanding oneself for inappropriate behaviour.

Question 13

Three of the following strategies should help students become more self-regulated.Which one will not?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Alexander encourages Arthur to set a target for himself regarding the number of sit-ups he will be able to do by the end of the month. 
B) Mr.Parker teaches Bailey to reinforce herself whenever she gets her homework done on time. 
C) Ms.Rogers asks Craig to make a check mark on a piece of paper whenever he finds himself talking out of turn. 
D) Mr.Wiebe asks a teacher aide to keep a close eye on Darla and, when necessary, to remind her to stay on task. 
A) Ms.Alexander encourages Arthur to set a target for himself regarding the number of sit-ups he will be able to do by the end of the month. 
B) Mr.Parker teaches Bailey to reinforce herself whenever she gets her homework done on time. 
C) Ms.Rogers asks Craig to make a check mark on a piece of paper whenever he finds himself talking out of turn. 
D) Mr.Wiebe asks a teacher aide to keep a close eye on Darla and, when necessary, to remind her to stay on task.

Question 14

An incentive is likely to be an effective motivator for students only when:

Accepted Answer

A) it is described in explicit terms. 
B) it will be available by the end of the same day. 
C) students believe it is within their reach. 
D) students believe that their friends will think it is a really "cool" thing to get. 
A) it is described in explicit terms. 
B) it will be available by the end of the same day. 
C) students believe it is within their reach. 
D) students believe that their friends will think it is a really "cool" thing to get.

Question 15

Which one of the following is most likely to promote self-regulation among students?

Accepted Answer

A) mediation training. 
B) teacher intervention. 
C) self-imposed contingencies. 
D) contingency contracts. 
A) mediation training. 
B) teacher intervention. 
C) self-imposed contingencies. 
D) contingency contracts.

Question 16

Hua knows that Lee frequently completes her assignments long after they are due.She has noticed that their teacher willingly accepts Lee's late assignments because Lee always has a creative excuse for turning them in late.Hua begins to do the same thing-she turns in assignments past the due date and makes up excuses for why she is late.Hua's increase in excuse-making is due to:

Accepted Answer

A) shaping and intrinsic reinforcement. 
B) an increase in self-reinforcement. 
C) a decrease in self-regulation. 
D) modelling and vicarious reinforcement. 
A) shaping and intrinsic reinforcement. 
B) an increase in self-reinforcement. 
C) a decrease in self-regulation. 
D) modelling and vicarious reinforcement.

Question 17

The response facilitation effect is:

Accepted Answer

A) When an observer acquires a new behaviour demonstrated by a model. 
B) When an observer displays a previously forbidden behaviour after seeing another have no adverse consequences after performing the behaviour 
C) When an observer displays previously learned behaviour more often after seeing a model reinforced for the behaviour 
D) When an observer displays previously learned behaviour less frequently after seeing the model punished for it. 
A) When an observer acquires a new behaviour demonstrated by a model. 
B) When an observer displays a previously forbidden behaviour after seeing another have no adverse consequences after performing the behaviour 
C) When an observer displays previously learned behaviour more often after seeing a model reinforced for the behaviour 
D) When an observer displays previously learned behaviour less frequently after seeing the model punished for it.

Question 18

Tommy received detention for throwing rocks in the schoolyard.Tim and Lisa stopped doing the same behaviour once they heard about what happened to Tommy.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) vicarious reinforcement. 
C) modelling. 
D) vicarious punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) vicarious reinforcement. 
C) modelling. 
D) vicarious punishment.

Question 19

Ms.Goodwin is thinking about how she might help the students in her introductory French class learn to pronounce the word bonjour correctly.Which one of her thoughts below is most consistent with a social cognitive perspective of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) "If I explain the parts of the word-if I tell them that bon means "good" and jour means "day"-then they will have an easier time understanding why the word is pronounced the way it is." 
B) "Maybe I should show them how I form my mouth and lips as I pronounce the word, and encourage them to imitate me." 
C) "Maybe I should explain how certain letters and letter combinations are consistently pronounced differently in French than they are in English." 
D) "I need to be patient.Correct pronunciation will come in time for those students who are really motivated to speak French." 
A) "If I explain the parts of the word-if I tell them that bon means "good" and jour means "day"-then they will have an easier time understanding why the word is pronounced the way it is." 
B) "Maybe I should show them how I form my mouth and lips as I pronounce the word, and encourage them to imitate me." 
C) "Maybe I should explain how certain letters and letter combinations are consistently pronounced differently in French than they are in English." 
D) "I need to be patient.Correct pronunciation will come in time for those students who are really motivated to speak French."

Question 20

Which one of the following is the best example of a symbolic model?

Accepted Answer

A) a detective on a television show 
B) the school principal 
C) an older brother or sister 
D) the police officer who lives next door 
A) a detective on a television show 
B) the school principal 
C) an older brother or sister 
D) the police officer who lives next door

Only one of the following definitely illustrates high self-efficacy.Which one?

Should students ever be allowed to fail at classroom tasks? According to social cognitive theorists, the answer is:

Three of the following experiences should promote higher self-efficacy about the task in question.Which one probably will not?

Three of the following are said to promote self-regulation among students with special educational needs.Which one of the following does not necessarily promote such skills?

Imagine that you are a teacher at a junior high school.Below are four behaviours you might exhibit in your classroom.Considering the discussion in the textbook regarding modelling, choose the behaviour your students are least likely to imitate.

Three of the following are aspects of self-regulation as social cognitive theorists describe it.Which one is not necessarily an example of self-regulation?

When are students most likely to work toward goals?

Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning:

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote self-regulated learning.Which teacher, while almost certainly helping students learn more effectively, is probably not promoting self-regulated learning?

Which strategy for promoting self-regulation is most consistent with Vygotsky's concept of self-talk?

Three of the following strategies should help students become more self-regulated.Which one will not?

An incentive is likely to be an effective motivator for students only when:

Which one of the following is most likely to promote self-regulation among students?

The response facilitation effect is:

Tommy received detention for throwing rocks in the schoolyard.Tim and Lisa stopped doing the same behaviour once they heard about what happened to Tommy.This is an example of:

Ms.Goodwin is thinking about how she might help the students in her introductory French class learn to pronounce the word bonjour correctly.Which one of her thoughts below is most consistent with a social cognitive perspective of learning?

Which one of the following is the best example of a symbolic model?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters

Exam 8: Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Only one of the following definitely illustrates high self-efficacy.Which one?

Should students ever be allowed to fail at classroom tasks? According to social cognitive theorists, the answer is:

Three of the following experiences should promote higher self-efficacy about the task in question.Which one probably will not?

Three of the following are said to promote self-regulation among students with special educational needs.Which one of the following does not necessarily promote such skills?

Imagine that you are a teacher at a junior high school.Below are four behaviours you might exhibit in your classroom.Considering the discussion in the textbook regarding modelling, choose the behaviour your students are least likely to imitate.

Three of the following are aspects of self-regulation as social cognitive theorists describe it.Which one is not necessarily an example of self-regulation?

When are students most likely to work toward goals?

Social cognitive theory can best be characterized as being concerned with learning:

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote self-regulated learning.Which teacher, while almost certainly helping students learn more effectively, is probably not promoting self-regulated learning?

Which strategy for promoting self-regulation is most consistent with Vygotsky's concept of self-talk?

Three of the following strategies should help students become more self-regulated.Which one will not?

An incentive is likely to be an effective motivator for students only when:

Which one of the following is most likely to promote self-regulation among students?

The response facilitation effect is:

Tommy received detention for throwing rocks in the schoolyard.Tim and Lisa stopped doing the same behaviour once they heard about what happened to Tommy.This is an example of:

Ms.Goodwin is thinking about how she might help the students in her introductory French class learn to pronounce the word bonjour correctly.Which one of her thoughts below is most consistent with a social cognitive perspective of learning?

Which one of the following is the best example of a symbolic model?

Educational Psychology and Teacher Decision Making

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Individual and Group Differences

Learning and Behaviour Processes

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Motivation, Affect, and Cognition

Instructional Strategies

Creating and Maintaining a Productive Classroom Environment

Instructional Assessment

Describing Relationships with Correlation Coefficients

Filters