Question 1

Dendrites

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually the longest nerve fibers. 
B)  are covered with a myelin sheath. 
C)  receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons. 
D)  generate nerve impulses. 
E)  are longer and less numerous than axons. 
A)  are usually the longest nerve fibers. 
B)  are covered with a myelin sheath. 
C)  receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons. 
D)  generate nerve impulses. 
E)  are longer and less numerous than axons.

Question 2

The spinal cord's gray matter is located

Accepted Answer

A)  on the outside, surrounding a central core of white matter. 
B)  on the inside, surrounding the central canal. 
C)  on both the inside and the outside. 
D)  neither inside nor outside-the spinal cord is entirely white matter. 
E)  scattered among a collection of ganglia. 
A)  on the outside, surrounding a central core of white matter. 
B)  on the inside, surrounding the central canal. 
C)  on both the inside and the outside. 
D)  neither inside nor outside-the spinal cord is entirely white matter. 
E)  scattered among a collection of ganglia.

Question 3

Gigantism can result from excessive secretion from the

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior pituitary. 
B)  anterior pituitary. 
C)  adrenal medulla. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  posterior pituitary. 
B)  anterior pituitary. 
C)  adrenal medulla. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 4

You are relaxing, having a snack and watching TV, when suddenly the entire house begins to shake violently. The activity of your _____ quickly decreases, while that of your _____ increases.

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system 
B)  autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system 
C)  sympathetic division; parasympathetic division 
D)  sympathetic division; somatic nervous system 
E)  parasympathetic division; sympathetic division 
A)  somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system 
B)  autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system 
C)  sympathetic division; parasympathetic division 
D)  sympathetic division; somatic nervous system 
E)  parasympathetic division; sympathetic division

Question 5

Which two anterior pituitary hormones do not target other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) 
B)  oxytocin and prolactin (PRL) 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) 
D)  luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin 
A)  prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) 
B)  oxytocin and prolactin (PRL) 
C)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone (GH) 
D)  luteinizing hormone (LH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 6

If you eat a jelly donut, your pancreatic islets will respond by secreting

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  insulin. 
E)  oxytocin. 
A)  growth hormone. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  insulin. 
E)  oxytocin.

Question 7

Weight gain, diabetes mellitus, and a moon-shaped face may indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  Addison disease. 
B)  Graves disease. 
C)  simple goiter. 
D)  pituitary dwarfism. 
E)  Cushing syndrome. 
A)  Addison disease. 
B)  Graves disease. 
C)  simple goiter. 
D)  pituitary dwarfism. 
E)  Cushing syndrome.

Question 8

The arrow shows the direction of the nerve impulse in a neuron. Part X would represent a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  axon. 
B)  dendrite. 
C)  cell body. 
D)  myelin sheath. 
E)  axon terminal. 
A)  axon. 
B)  dendrite. 
C)  cell body. 
D)  myelin sheath. 
E)  axon terminal.

Question 9

Someone who is good at memorizing other people's phone numbers has an excellent _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  skill 
C)  semantic 
D)  short-term 
E)  sensory 
A)  episodic 
B)  skill 
C)  semantic 
D)  short-term 
E)  sensory

Question 10

Only the glands of the endocrine system

Accepted Answer

A)  use chemical signals to bring about changes in target organs. 
B)  work to regulate the activities of other body systems. 
C)  use the bloodstream to convey signals throughout the body. 
D)  help to maintain homeostasis. 
E)  bring about rapid responses by target organs. 
A)  use chemical signals to bring about changes in target organs. 
B)  work to regulate the activities of other body systems. 
C)  use the bloodstream to convey signals throughout the body. 
D)  help to maintain homeostasis. 
E)  bring about rapid responses by target organs.

Question 11

Transmission across the synaptic cleft is accomplished by chemical signals called

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones. 
B)  exocrine secretions. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  stimulants. 
E)  neurotransmitters. 
A)  hormones. 
B)  exocrine secretions. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  stimulants. 
E)  neurotransmitters.

Question 12

People who are under constant stress have a tendency to gain weight, especially in the midsection, even if they do not overeat. This is because the hypothalamus responds to the stress by stimulating the

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior pituitary. 
B)  adrenal cortex. 
C)  thyroid. 
D)  adrenal medulla. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  posterior pituitary. 
B)  adrenal cortex. 
C)  thyroid. 
D)  adrenal medulla. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 13

A nerve impulse travels down a myelinated axon by

Accepted Answer

A)  repolarization. 
B)  saltatory conduction. 
C)  simple diffusion. 
D)  integration. 
E)  summation. 
A)  repolarization. 
B)  saltatory conduction. 
C)  simple diffusion. 
D)  integration. 
E)  summation.

Question 14

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  is associated with "fight or flight." 
B)  uses the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. 
C)  arises from parts of the spinal cord. 
D)  inhibits digestion. 
E)  opposes the effects of the sympathetic division. 
A)  is associated with "fight or flight." 
B)  uses the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. 
C)  arises from parts of the spinal cord. 
D)  inhibits digestion. 
E)  opposes the effects of the sympathetic division.

Question 15

The _____ conveys sensory information to the central nervous system and motor commands away from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic division 
B)  autonomic nervous system 
C)  somatic system 
D)  sympathetic division 
E)  brain stem 
A)  parasympathetic division 
B)  autonomic nervous system 
C)  somatic system 
D)  sympathetic division 
E)  brain stem

Question 16

When the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is activated, its effects can be prolonged by secretions of the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  thyroid gland. 
C)  parathyroid glands. 
D)  adrenal medulla. 
E)  posterior pituitary. 
A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  thyroid gland. 
C)  parathyroid glands. 
D)  adrenal medulla. 
E)  posterior pituitary.

Question 17

If you do not obtain enough iodine in your diet, you will likely develop

Accepted Answer

A)  pituitary gigantism. 
B)  simple goiter. 
C)  exophthalmos. 
D)  diabetes mellitus. 
E)  tetany. 
A)  pituitary gigantism. 
B)  simple goiter. 
C)  exophthalmos. 
D)  diabetes mellitus. 
E)  tetany.

Question 18

If a neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory signals, will an action potential be generated?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because any inhibitory signals will cancel out the excitatory signals. 
B)  Yes, but the action potential will be much smaller than if only excitatory signals were received. 
C)  It depends; if more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, then an action potential may result. 
D)  Yes, because excitatory signals always stimulate an action potential. 
E)  It depends; if more inhibitory than excitatory signals are received, then the neuron will be free to produce an action potential. 
A)  No, because any inhibitory signals will cancel out the excitatory signals. 
B)  Yes, but the action potential will be much smaller than if only excitatory signals were received. 
C)  It depends; if more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, then an action potential may result. 
D)  Yes, because excitatory signals always stimulate an action potential. 
E)  It depends; if more inhibitory than excitatory signals are received, then the neuron will be free to produce an action potential.

Question 19

_____ inhibits osteoclasts, while _____ stimulates them.

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone (PTH); calcitonin 
B)  Growth hormone (GH); calcitonin 
C)  Epinephrine; norepinephrine 
D)  Calcitonin; parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
E)  Glucagon; growth hormone (GH) 
A)  Parathyroid hormone (PTH); calcitonin 
B)  Growth hormone (GH); calcitonin 
C)  Epinephrine; norepinephrine 
D)  Calcitonin; parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
E)  Glucagon; growth hormone (GH)

Question 20

Which part of a neuron could be covered with a myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  axon 
C)  dendrite 
D)  cell body 
E)  terminal 
A)  nucleus 
B)  axon 
C)  dendrite 
D)  cell body 
E)  terminal

Exam 27: The Control Systems

Dendrites

The spinal cord's gray matter is located

Gigantism can result from excessive secretion from the

You are relaxing, having a snack and watching TV, when suddenly the entire house begins to shake violently. The activity of your _____ quickly decreases, while that of your _____ increases.

Which two anterior pituitary hormones do not target other endocrine glands?

If you eat a jelly donut, your pancreatic islets will respond by secreting

Weight gain, diabetes mellitus, and a moon-shaped face may indicate

The arrow shows the direction of the nerve impulse in a neuron. Part X would represent a(n)

Someone who is good at memorizing other people's phone numbers has an excellent _____ memory.

Only the glands of the endocrine system

Transmission across the synaptic cleft is accomplished by chemical signals called

People who are under constant stress have a tendency to gain weight, especially in the midsection, even if they do not overeat. This is because the hypothalamus responds to the stress by stimulating the

A nerve impulse travels down a myelinated axon by

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

The _____ conveys sensory information to the central nervous system and motor commands away from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

When the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is activated, its effects can be prolonged by secretions of the

If you do not obtain enough iodine in your diet, you will likely develop

If a neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory signals, will an action potential be generated?

_____ inhibits osteoclasts, while _____ stimulates them.

Which part of a neuron could be covered with a myelin sheath?

Biology: the Science of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna Biology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Mutations and Genetic Testing

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants and Fungi

Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology and Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Human Impact on the Biosphere

Filters

You are relaxing, having a snack and watching TV, when suddenly the entire house begins to shake violently. The activity of your _ quickly decreases, while that of your _ increases.

_ inhibits osteoclasts, while _ stimulates them.