Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically

The internal validity of an experiment is lowered by experimenter expectancy effects because

Sitting in the park one sunny day, Chaim notices that people who are walking dogs smile at him more often than people without dogs. Chaim concludes that owning dogs makes people happier. Based on the principles of psychological research there are many problems with Chaim's conclusion. What is the biggest problem?

A series of questions that asks about how a person typically feels or behaves is called a(n)

What is a hypothesis?

A psychologist notes that there is a correlation between physical health and the number of vacations that a person takes. According to him, people who take more vacations tend to have better physical health. After thinking about this result, you realize that this association may be due to a third factor: income. People with more income can afford more vacations and can afford better health care. Your explanation for this is most consistent with which limitation of correlational research?

Professor Bono believes that there is a correlation between number of hours spent on social media and grades in first-year classes. Which of the following correlation coefficients would provide the STRONGEST support for her prediction?

If an experiment allows for clear causal conclusions to be drawn, it is said to have strong

If a given study delivers the same results over and over then we can call that study a reliable one?

If John Darley and Bibb Latané were to make the statement, "If an emergency occurs, then, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely any one bystander will be to intervene," it would be considered an example of a(n) ___________.

On the first day of school, Ted's fifth grade teacher asks her students to introduce themselves and tell the class what they did on their summer vacation. Ted notes that all of the smart kids had gone on great trips; so travel, he reasons, must make you smart. Ted gathers information from the students in his school and analyzes it. Ted is testing this ________.

If a researcher conducting an observational study of people at a shopping mall is making use of an unobtrusive measure, which of the following will he NOT have to worry about?

Describe the logic of experimentation.

What key scientific attitudes did Darley and Latané display?

In survey research, a sample is defined as

A social psychologist is interested in studying aggression in sports fans. He goes to various sporting events and keeps track of the number of aggressive acts that occur between fans using a well-defined coding system. This psychologist is using which of the following ways of measuring behaviour?

When a research study suggests that as one variable increases the second variable increases then this is termed as

Dr. Sesay is testing a new antidepressant. He gives the experimental group the new medication and the control group sugar pills that look exactly the same as the real medication. He is excited about all the good he believes this new medication will do for people. When he gives his control group the sugar pills, he shows little emotion, but when he hands out the antidepressants, he unintentionally grins at his participants. To control for ______________, Dr. Sesay should use a _______________________ design instead.

Consider the following distribution: (3, 2, 2, 4, 5). The median is ______ and the range is _______.

Whether you conduct a correlational study or an experiment the variables you use all require

Why do experimenter expectancy effects lower the internal validity of experiments?