Question 1

A limitation to naturalistic studies can be a

Accepted Answer

A) bias 
B) data 
C) causality 
D) there are no limitations 
A) bias 
B) data 
C) causality 
D) there are no limitations

Question 2

A distinction between theories and hypotheses is that

Accepted Answer

A) theories tend to be broader than hypotheses 
B) hypotheses tend to be broader and more externally valid than theories 
C) theories tend to be externally valid while hypotheses tend to be internally valid 
D) theories use operational definitions while hypotheses do not 
A) theories tend to be broader than hypotheses 
B) hypotheses tend to be broader and more externally valid than theories 
C) theories tend to be externally valid while hypotheses tend to be internally valid 
D) theories use operational definitions while hypotheses do not

Question 3

An advantage of using operational definitions is that

Accepted Answer

A) they allow other researchers to agree with these definitions 
B) they let other researchers know exactly what is meant by the various terms 
C) they automatically generate the relevant dependent and independent variables 
D) they are consistent with the law of parsimony 
A) they allow other researchers to agree with these definitions 
B) they let other researchers know exactly what is meant by the various terms 
C) they automatically generate the relevant dependent and independent variables 
D) they are consistent with the law of parsimony

Question 4

Which of the following correlations reflects the strongest relationship between 2 variables?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0 
B) +0.75 
C) -0.50 
D) +0.89 
E) -0.95 
A) 0.0 
B) +0.75 
C) -0.50 
D) +0.89 
E) -0.95

Question 5

When discussing the concept of replication, the text presents research related to psychics and paranormal abilities. Which of the following best summarizes the current state of this research and the attitude that science should have toward it?

Accepted Answer

A) As research techniques have gotten more sophisticated, there are a growing number of psychic abilities that have been shown to be reliable and valid and science should continue to investigate these phenomena. 
B) Over 30 years of scientific research hasn't produced any solid evidence that supports the existence of paranormal phenomena so science shouldn't bother to continue studying them. 
C) Over 30 years of scientific research hasn't produced any solid evidence that supports the existence of paranormal phenomenon but science should continue to examine these phenomena with an open-minded but skeptical attitude. 
D) Researchers have consistently demonstrated valid and reliable paranormal phenomena in scientific settings but conservative critics have unfairly rejected these results. 
A) As research techniques have gotten more sophisticated, there are a growing number of psychic abilities that have been shown to be reliable and valid and science should continue to investigate these phenomena. 
B) Over 30 years of scientific research hasn't produced any solid evidence that supports the existence of paranormal phenomena so science shouldn't bother to continue studying them. 
C) Over 30 years of scientific research hasn't produced any solid evidence that supports the existence of paranormal phenomenon but science should continue to examine these phenomena with an open-minded but skeptical attitude. 
D) Researchers have consistently demonstrated valid and reliable paranormal phenomena in scientific settings but conservative critics have unfairly rejected these results.

Question 6

An advantage of the case study method is that it ________, whereas a disadvantage of the case study method is that it _________.

Accepted Answer

A) eliminates researcher bias; has high participant bias 
B) allows an in-depth study of rare phenomenon; has poor generalizability 
C) has high internal validity; is costly to run 
D) can be used to determine cause-and-effect relationships; has low internal validity 
E) None of these choices are correct 
A) eliminates researcher bias; has high participant bias 
B) allows an in-depth study of rare phenomenon; has poor generalizability 
C) has high internal validity; is costly to run 
D) can be used to determine cause-and-effect relationships; has low internal validity 
E) None of these choices are correct

Question 7

An ethical guideline that refers to how participants should be given full descriptions about the procedures involved in a study and told that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time is called __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent 
B) a right to privacy 
C) debriefing 
D) social risk 
A) informed consent 
B) a right to privacy 
C) debriefing 
D) social risk

Question 8

Describe the major ways psychologists measure behaviour, and suggest a limitation of each method.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists measure behavior in severa

Question 9

Which of the following is a major problem of after-the-fact or "hindsight" explanations?

Accepted Answer

A) There are many ways of explaining past events and there is usually no way to know which of these explanations is correct. 
B) Hindsight explanations fail to provide a foundation on which further scientific study can occur. 
C) Science requires that theories be testable and hindsight explanations are usually too theoretically complex and sophisticated to be testable. 
D) Hindsight explanations overemphasize the importance of external validity. 
A) There are many ways of explaining past events and there is usually no way to know which of these explanations is correct. 
B) Hindsight explanations fail to provide a foundation on which further scientific study can occur. 
C) Science requires that theories be testable and hindsight explanations are usually too theoretically complex and sophisticated to be testable. 
D) Hindsight explanations overemphasize the importance of external validity.

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT listed as a question that one should ask to facilitate critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) Do the studies have strong external validity? 
B) What is the quality of the evidence? 
C) What is the most reasonable conclusion to draw? 
D) What evidence is being presented to support this claim? 
A) Do the studies have strong external validity? 
B) What is the quality of the evidence? 
C) What is the most reasonable conclusion to draw? 
D) What evidence is being presented to support this claim?

Question 11

Which if the following is NOT a measure of variability?

Accepted Answer

A) Median 
B) Range 
C) Standard deviation 
D) Variance 
E) All are measures of variability. 
A) Median 
B) Range 
C) Standard deviation 
D) Variance 
E) All are measures of variability.

Question 12

You are interested in the effects of both alcohol and cannabis on driving ability. So you run a between groups experiment. There are four groups: one group drinks alcohol only, one group smokes cannabis only, one group drinks alcohol and smokes cannabis, and the final group consumes no drugs at all. All participants then operate a driving simulator and you record driving speed, accidents and lane violations. You find that there are more driving problems in the group that consumes both alcohol and cannabis. In this study the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol and cannabis 
B) driving speed 
C) number of accidents 
D) number of lane violations 
E) driving speed, accidents and lane violations 
A) alcohol and cannabis 
B) driving speed 
C) number of accidents 
D) number of lane violations 
E) driving speed, accidents and lane violations

Question 13

Thea is taking a social psychology class and is asked to come up with a hypothesis. She watches various groups of people throughout the day and takes some notes about what she sees. At the end of the day, she notices that many people who are dating seem to be similar to each other, which reminds her of the phrase 'birds of a feather flock together'. She starts to think that this single phrase can explain much of what she observed throughout the day. What may be influencing her reasoning here?

Accepted Answer

A) theory of social impact 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) hindsight 
D) bystander apathy 
E) habituation 
A) theory of social impact 
B) diffusion of responsibility 
C) hindsight 
D) bystander apathy 
E) habituation

A limitation to naturalistic studies can be a

A distinction between theories and hypotheses is that

An advantage of using operational definitions is that

Which of the following correlations reflects the strongest relationship between 2 variables?

When discussing the concept of replication, the text presents research related to psychics and paranormal abilities. Which of the following best summarizes the current state of this research and the attitude that science should have toward it?

An advantage of the case study method is that it , whereas a disadvantage of the case study method is that it _.

An ethical guideline that refers to how participants should be given full descriptions about the procedures involved in a study and told that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time is called __________________.

Describe the major ways psychologists measure behaviour, and suggest a limitation of each method.

Which of the following is a major problem of after-the-fact or "hindsight" explanations?

Which of the following was NOT listed as a question that one should ask to facilitate critical thinking?

Which if the following is NOT a measure of variability?

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically

A limitation to naturalistic studies can be a

A distinction between theories and hypotheses is that

An advantage of using operational definitions is that

Which of the following correlations reflects the strongest relationship between 2 variables?

When discussing the concept of replication, the text presents research related to psychics and paranormal abilities. Which of the following best summarizes the current state of this research and the attitude that science should have toward it?

An advantage of the case study method is that it ________, whereas a disadvantage of the case study method is that it _________.

An ethical guideline that refers to how participants should be given full descriptions about the procedures involved in a study and told that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time is called __________________.

Describe the major ways psychologists measure behaviour, and suggest a limitation of each method.

Which of the following is a major problem of after-the-fact or "hindsight" explanations?

Which of the following was NOT listed as a question that one should ask to facilitate critical thinking?

Which if the following is NOT a measure of variability?

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

An advantage of the case study method is that it , whereas a disadvantage of the case study method is that it _.