Question 1

In survey research, a population is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the people selected to be in a survey 
B) the people who actually complete the survey 
C) the individuals who responded in the survey with a particular response (e.g., 53 percent "yes", 47 percent "no") 
D) all the individuals about whom we are interested in drawing conclusions 
A) the people selected to be in a survey 
B) the people who actually complete the survey 
C) the individuals who responded in the survey with a particular response (e.g., 53 percent "yes", 47 percent "no") 
D) all the individuals about whom we are interested in drawing conclusions

Question 2

Using the research conducted by Strayer and his colleagues on cell phone use while driving as an example, discuss the major aspects of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

An experiment typically involves several

Question 3

A limitation of physiological measures of behaviour is that

Accepted Answer

A) they are subject to the social desirability bias of physiological measurement 
B) they are subject to random sampling of physiological measures 
C) they fail to use operational definitions for physiological measures 
D) they fail to convey what a given physiological response means 
A) they are subject to the social desirability bias of physiological measurement 
B) they are subject to random sampling of physiological measures 
C) they fail to use operational definitions for physiological measures 
D) they fail to convey what a given physiological response means

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an attitude associated with scientific thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) Curiosity 
B) Skepticism 
C) Open-mindedness 
D) Intolerance 
A) Curiosity 
B) Skepticism 
C) Open-mindedness 
D) Intolerance

Question 5

A researcher conducted an experiment assessing the effect of both alcohol and expectation on sexual arousal. How many independent variables are there in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3

Question 6

What type of research gathers information about a topic by administering questionnaires or interviews to people of an area of interest?

Accepted Answer

A) Case studies 
B) Naturalistic observations 
C) Survey research 
D) Experimental research 
A) Case studies 
B) Naturalistic observations 
C) Survey research 
D) Experimental research

Question 7

The case study is an example of which kind of research method?

Accepted Answer

A) Descriptive 
B) Correlational 
C) Experimental 
D) Hypothetical 
A) Descriptive 
B) Correlational 
C) Experimental 
D) Hypothetical

Question 8

Matthew is conducting research to determine whether drinking caffeine will improve how much information students are able to recall during a study session. Matthew assigns the first 10 people who arrive to his coffee group, the next 10 people to his tea group, and the last 10 people to his control group. What mistake has Matthew already made?

Accepted Answer

A) he didn't ask if anyone has negative associations with coffee or tea 
B) he forgot to ask how much coffee/tea each participant typically drinks in a day 
C) he failed to use random assignment 
D) his control group did not have enough participants 
E) his experimental groups did not have enough participants 
A) he didn't ask if anyone has negative associations with coffee or tea 
B) he forgot to ask how much coffee/tea each participant typically drinks in a day 
C) he failed to use random assignment 
D) his control group did not have enough participants 
E) his experimental groups did not have enough participants

Question 9

The three key scientific attitudes displayed by John Darley and Bibb Latané were curiosity, skepticism, and reason.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In correlational research, the experimenter measures all of the variables and statistically determines whether there is an association between them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Why do researchers randomly assign participants to various conditions in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Researchers randomly assign participants

Question 12

Some psychologists studied the bullying behaviour by elementary school-aged children as it occurred during school recess. They found that

Accepted Answer

A) the observations made during the research permitted causal conclusions about bullying behaviour 
B) the research methods did not influence the children's behaviours 
C) the schoolmates were frequently present during bullying episodes but rarely intervened 
D) naturalistic observation was not an effective research method for studying children's bullying behaviour 
A) the observations made during the research permitted causal conclusions about bullying behaviour 
B) the research methods did not influence the children's behaviours 
C) the schoolmates were frequently present during bullying episodes but rarely intervened 
D) naturalistic observation was not an effective research method for studying children's bullying behaviour

Question 13

A formal set of statements that explains why and how certain events are related to one another is called a(n) ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) hypothesis 
B) specific prediction 
C) theory 
D) operational definition 
A) hypothesis 
B) specific prediction 
C) theory 
D) operational definition

Question 14

In experiments, researchers often use random assignment to place participants in various groups or conditions in their experiments. An alternative to random assignment is to design the study in such a way that each participant

Accepted Answer

A) is exposed to all conditions in the experiment 
B) is equally likely to end up in any one of the experimental conditions 
C) may be randomly sampled 
D) may receive both the independent and dependent variables 
A) is exposed to all conditions in the experiment 
B) is equally likely to end up in any one of the experimental conditions 
C) may be randomly sampled 
D) may receive both the independent and dependent variables

Question 15

One of the problems with experiments that have found evidence for paranormal phenomena is that they have

Accepted Answer

A) low external validity 
B) not used meta-analysis 
C) not been replicated 
D) not published their findings 
A) low external validity 
B) not used meta-analysis 
C) not been replicated 
D) not published their findings

Question 16

The tendency to respond in what is believed to be a socially appropriate manner rather than according to how a person actually thinks, feels, or behaves is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) reactivity 
B) the social desirability bias 
C) confounding 
D) the placebo effect 
A) reactivity 
B) the social desirability bias 
C) confounding 
D) the placebo effect

Question 17

In experimental research, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter is called the ________________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) independent 
B) dependent 
C) operational 
D) random 
A) independent 
B) dependent 
C) operational 
D) random

Question 18

All other things being equal, a simpler theory is considered to be better than a more complex theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Imagine that data from survey research uncovers a strong positive correlation between education level and reading ability. Which of the following causal conclusions can be drawn?

Accepted Answer

A) more education causes better reading skills 
B) having better reading skills causes people to pursue education for longer 
C) reading more when you are younger leads to better reading skills, and a greater tendency to stay in school 
D) none of these response options is correct; correlation and causation are not the same thing 
E) reading books influences education level, and vice versa 
A) more education causes better reading skills 
B) having better reading skills causes people to pursue education for longer 
C) reading more when you are younger leads to better reading skills, and a greater tendency to stay in school 
D) none of these response options is correct; correlation and causation are not the same thing 
E) reading books influences education level, and vice versa

In survey research, a population is defined as

Using the research conducted by Strayer and his colleagues on cell phone use while driving as an example, discuss the major aspects of an experiment.

A limitation of physiological measures of behaviour is that

Which of the following is NOT an attitude associated with scientific thinking?

A researcher conducted an experiment assessing the effect of both alcohol and expectation on sexual arousal. How many independent variables are there in this experiment?

What type of research gathers information about a topic by administering questionnaires or interviews to people of an area of interest?

The case study is an example of which kind of research method?

The three key scientific attitudes displayed by John Darley and Bibb Latané were curiosity, skepticism, and reason.

In correlational research, the experimenter measures all of the variables and statistically determines whether there is an association between them.

Why do researchers randomly assign participants to various conditions in an experiment?

Some psychologists studied the bullying behaviour by elementary school-aged children as it occurred during school recess. They found that

A formal set of statements that explains why and how certain events are related to one another is called a(n) ____________.

In experiments, researchers often use random assignment to place participants in various groups or conditions in their experiments. An alternative to random assignment is to design the study in such a way that each participant

One of the problems with experiments that have found evidence for paranormal phenomena is that they have

The tendency to respond in what is believed to be a socially appropriate manner rather than according to how a person actually thinks, feels, or behaves is called ______________.

In experimental research, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter is called the ________________ variable.

All other things being equal, a simpler theory is considered to be better than a more complex theory.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomenon.

Imagine that data from survey research uncovers a strong positive correlation between education level and reading ability. Which of the following causal conclusions can be drawn?

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically

In survey research, a population is defined as

Using the research conducted by Strayer and his colleagues on cell phone use while driving as an example, discuss the major aspects of an experiment.

A limitation of physiological measures of behaviour is that

Which of the following is NOT an attitude associated with scientific thinking?

A researcher conducted an experiment assessing the effect of both alcohol and expectation on sexual arousal. How many independent variables are there in this experiment?

What type of research gathers information about a topic by administering questionnaires or interviews to people of an area of interest?

The case study is an example of which kind of research method?

The three key scientific attitudes displayed by John Darley and Bibb Latané were curiosity, skepticism, and reason.

In correlational research, the experimenter measures all of the variables and statistically determines whether there is an association between them.

Why do researchers randomly assign participants to various conditions in an experiment?

Some psychologists studied the bullying behaviour by elementary school-aged children as it occurred during school recess. They found that

A formal set of statements that explains why and how certain events are related to one another is called a(n) ____________.

In experiments, researchers often use random assignment to place participants in various groups or conditions in their experiments. An alternative to random assignment is to design the study in such a way that each participant

One of the problems with experiments that have found evidence for paranormal phenomena is that they have

The tendency to respond in what is believed to be a socially appropriate manner rather than according to how a person actually thinks, feels, or behaves is called ______________.

In experimental research, the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter is called the ________________ variable.

All other things being equal, a simpler theory is considered to be better than a more complex theory.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomenon.

Imagine that data from survey research uncovers a strong positive correlation between education level and reading ability. Which of the following causal conclusions can be drawn?

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters