Question 1

Describe two commonly used problem-solving heuristics and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Two commonly used problem-solving heuristics are trial and error and working backwards.

Trial and error involves trying different solutions until the correct one is found. An example of this heuristic is when a person is trying to solve a puzzle and they try different combinations of pieces until they find the right one that fits.

Working backwards involves starting with the end goal and then figuring out the steps needed to reach that goal. An example of this heuristic is when a person is trying to plan a project and they start by identifying the final outcome they want to achieve, and then work backwards to determine the necessary steps to get there.

Question 2

Ingrid tried to darken her naturally blond hair with store-bought colour and accidentally dyed it black. When she and her friend Minka go to the gym, she notices a woman looking in their direction. "Everybody's staring at me!" she says. "Ingrid," Minka replies, "you pick out the one woman in the whole gym who's staring, just to prove your point!" By looking for evidence that confirms what she believes rather than evidence that does not, Ingrid is relying on the

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) representativeness heuristic. 
C) availability heuristic. 
D) algorithmic bias. 
E) egocentric heuristic. 
A) confirmation bias. 
B) representativeness heuristic. 
C) availability heuristic. 
D) algorithmic bias. 
E) egocentric heuristic. A

Question 3

When a student reads the textbook, the student can judge whether they have understood the chapter fully or needs to go over it again. This student exercises good __________.

Accepted Answer

A) cognition 
B) metacomprehension 
C) metamemory 
D) metajudgment 
A) cognition 
B) metacomprehension 
C) metamemory 
D) metajudgment B

Question 4

The characteristic of language that allows us to refer to the past, the future, and objects that are imaginary or not physically present is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) generativity 
B) meaning 
C) displacement 
D) structure 
A) generativity 
B) meaning 
C) displacement 
D) structure

Question 5

Michael goes to a French immersion school because his parents want him to be proficient in French. According to the recent research, Michael

Accepted Answer

A) probably demonstrates greater cognitive flexibility than monolingual peers 
B) is disadvantaged because he has to learn two sets of grammar and vocabulary 
C) more than likely performs below average on standardized intelligence tests 
D) may outperform monolingual students in reading 
E) shows greater cognitive flexibility and better reading skills compared to monolingual students 
A) probably demonstrates greater cognitive flexibility than monolingual peers 
B) is disadvantaged because he has to learn two sets of grammar and vocabulary 
C) more than likely performs below average on standardized intelligence tests 
D) may outperform monolingual students in reading 
E) shows greater cognitive flexibility and better reading skills compared to monolingual students

Question 6

Based on the Research Foundations feature and other research, describe some ways to enhance metacomprehension.

Accepted Answer

There are several ways to enhance metaco

Question 7

One of the primary advantages of using a(n) _____________ to solve a problem is that if used correctly, it will always generate the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristic 
B) means-ends analysis 
C) mental set 
D) algorithm 
A) heuristic 
B) means-ends analysis 
C) mental set 
D) algorithm

Question 8

Children typically begin one-word utterances that are recognizable words that name familiar people and objects (e.g., da-da or block) around the age of ____________ months.

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 24 
D) 36 
A) 6 
B) 12 
C) 24 
D) 36

Question 9

Mathias works for an architectural firm that has been asked to build an office building on a particular lot. The lot is accessible from the road on three sides, and the client is unsure which way the building should face. Since the building has already been designed, Mathias is able to imagine it facing in different directions. By doing so, he can evaluate the pros and cons of each direction. Mathias is using

Accepted Answer

A) incubation. 
B) linguistic relativity. 
C) mental rotation. 
D) asymmetric processing. 
E) a schema 
A) incubation. 
B) linguistic relativity. 
C) mental rotation. 
D) asymmetric processing. 
E) a schema

Question 10

A baby is now discriminating sounds that are specific to their native tongue. What is the baby's approximate age?

Accepted Answer

A) Less than 6 months 
B) 6-12 months 
C) 12-18 months 
D) 18-24 months 
A) Less than 6 months 
B) 6-12 months 
C) 12-18 months 
D) 18-24 months

Question 11

You've noticed that every time you spend less than 15 hours studying for a exam, you don't do so well. So you conclude that a minimum study time for any exam you take should be 15 hours. You have reached this conclusion using

Accepted Answer

A) deductive reasoning 
B) inductive reasoning 
C) heuristics 
D) an algotithm 
E) a subgoal analysis 
A) deductive reasoning 
B) inductive reasoning 
C) heuristics 
D) an algotithm 
E) a subgoal analysis

Question 12

When presented with more information than they actually need, people find it __________ to solve problems because they __________ the irrelevant information.

Accepted Answer

A) harder; cannot focus on 
B) easier; are encouraged by 
C) harder; are distracted by 
D) easier; can focus on 
A) harder; cannot focus on 
B) easier; are encouraged by 
C) harder; are distracted by 
D) easier; can focus on

Question 13

Researchers generally agree that the language skills that chimps demonstrate meet the _____________ criteria/criterion of language but there is still much disagreement and debate as to whether or not the speech of chimps is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) generative; symbolic 
B) symbolic; structural or generative 
C) generative and symbolic; structural 
D) structural; symbolic or generative 
A) generative; symbolic 
B) symbolic; structural or generative 
C) generative and symbolic; structural 
D) structural; symbolic or generative

Question 14

While playing one afternoon, a group of children decided to develop a special language only they would know. Jordan started working on the new symbols for their thoughts and behaviours. After writing quite an elaborate letter using his new symbols he gave it to the other children to try to decipher the message. To their dismay, the same symbols were used in very different ways and different symbols often represented the same idea. Jordan had violated one of the three critical properties of language because his language

Accepted Answer

A) was able to produce an infinite number of messages 
B) was generative 
C) was not symbolically linked 
D) did not have a rule-governed structure 
A) was able to produce an infinite number of messages 
B) was generative 
C) was not symbolically linked 
D) did not have a rule-governed structure

Question 15

Evidence suggests that Whorf's original linguistic relativity hypothesis was ________.

Accepted Answer

A) very accurate 
B) completely inaccurate 
C) overstated 
D) true only for Western cultures 
A) very accurate 
B) completely inaccurate 
C) overstated 
D) true only for Western cultures

Question 16

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?

Accepted Answer

A) Knowledge about human nature and social relationships 
B) Strategies for making decisions and handling conflict 
C) Recognizing that values and priorities differ across people and societies 
D) Being able to generate novel ideas that depart from the norm 
A) Knowledge about human nature and social relationships 
B) Strategies for making decisions and handling conflict 
C) Recognizing that values and priorities differ across people and societies 
D) Being able to generate novel ideas that depart from the norm

Question 17

You are studying a child's language abilities. You note that she is able to perceive phonemes in any language. Most likely, this child

Accepted Answer

A) is a two-word speaker 
B) does not have a LAD 
C) is under 6 months old 
D) is about 2 years old 
E) will not develop a LASS 
A) is a two-word speaker 
B) does not have a LAD 
C) is under 6 months old 
D) is about 2 years old 
E) will not develop a LASS

Question 18

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate biological mechanism that contains general grammatical rules called a language ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) function system 
B) acquisition device 
C) generation region 
D) conditioning module 
A) function system 
B) acquisition device 
C) generation region 
D) conditioning module

Question 19

What is the term for someone who studies comprehension, production, and/or acquisition, of language?

Accepted Answer

A) psychophysicist 
B) psychodynamic theorist 
C) audiologist 
D) psycholinguistic 
E) None of these response options is correct 
A) psychophysicist 
B) psychodynamic theorist 
C) audiologist 
D) psycholinguistic 
E) None of these response options is correct

Question 20

The fact that between 6 to 12 months of age, young children begin to differentiate the sounds of phonemes of their native language and lose the ability to differentiate the sounds of other phonemes that they were previously able to make, is best considered as an example of how

Accepted Answer

A) learning interacts with biology during language acquisition 
B) childhood language development can be viewed as a special case of the representativeness heuristic 
C) language skills develop in parallel with motor skills 
D) the formation of mental representations influences language development 
A) learning interacts with biology during language acquisition 
B) childhood language development can be viewed as a special case of the representativeness heuristic 
C) language skills develop in parallel with motor skills 
D) the formation of mental representations influences language development

Describe two commonly used problem-solving heuristics and provide an example of each.

When a student reads the textbook, the student can judge whether they have understood the chapter fully or needs to go over it again. This student exercises good __________.

The characteristic of language that allows us to refer to the past, the future, and objects that are imaginary or not physically present is called __________.

Michael goes to a French immersion school because his parents want him to be proficient in French. According to the recent research, Michael

Based on the Research Foundations feature and other research, describe some ways to enhance metacomprehension.

One of the primary advantages of using a(n) _____________ to solve a problem is that if used correctly, it will always generate the correct answer.

Children typically begin one-word utterances that are recognizable words that name familiar people and objects (e.g., da-da or block) around the age of ____________ months.

A baby is now discriminating sounds that are specific to their native tongue. What is the baby's approximate age?

You've noticed that every time you spend less than 15 hours studying for a exam, you don't do so well. So you conclude that a minimum study time for any exam you take should be 15 hours. You have reached this conclusion using

When presented with more information than they actually need, people find it to solve problems because they the irrelevant information.

Researchers generally agree that the language skills that chimps demonstrate meet the _ criteria/criterion of language but there is still much disagreement and debate as to whether or not the speech of chimps is ______.

Evidence suggests that Whorf's original linguistic relativity hypothesis was ________.

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?

You are studying a child's language abilities. You note that she is able to perceive phonemes in any language. Most likely, this child

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate biological mechanism that contains general grammatical rules called a language ______________.

What is the term for someone who studies comprehension, production, and/or acquisition, of language?

The fact that between 6 to 12 months of age, young children begin to differentiate the sounds of phonemes of their native language and lose the ability to differentiate the sounds of other phonemes that they were previously able to make, is best considered as an example of how

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Describe two commonly used problem-solving heuristics and provide an example of each.

When a student reads the textbook, the student can judge whether they have understood the chapter fully or needs to go over it again. This student exercises good __________.

The characteristic of language that allows us to refer to the past, the future, and objects that are imaginary or not physically present is called __________.

Michael goes to a French immersion school because his parents want him to be proficient in French. According to the recent research, Michael

Based on the Research Foundations feature and other research, describe some ways to enhance metacomprehension.

One of the primary advantages of using a(n) _____________ to solve a problem is that if used correctly, it will always generate the correct answer.

Children typically begin one-word utterances that are recognizable words that name familiar people and objects (e.g., da-da or block) around the age of ____________ months.

A baby is now discriminating sounds that are specific to their native tongue. What is the baby's approximate age?

You've noticed that every time you spend less than 15 hours studying for a exam, you don't do so well. So you conclude that a minimum study time for any exam you take should be 15 hours. You have reached this conclusion using

When presented with more information than they actually need, people find it __________ to solve problems because they __________ the irrelevant information.

Researchers generally agree that the language skills that chimps demonstrate meet the _____________ criteria/criterion of language but there is still much disagreement and debate as to whether or not the speech of chimps is __________________.

Evidence suggests that Whorf's original linguistic relativity hypothesis was ________.

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?

You are studying a child's language abilities. You note that she is able to perceive phonemes in any language. Most likely, this child

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate biological mechanism that contains general grammatical rules called a language ______________.

What is the term for someone who studies comprehension, production, and/or acquisition, of language?

The fact that between 6 to 12 months of age, young children begin to differentiate the sounds of phonemes of their native language and lose the ability to differentiate the sounds of other phonemes that they were previously able to make, is best considered as an example of how

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Development Over the Lifespan

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

When presented with more information than they actually need, people find it to solve problems because they the irrelevant information.

Researchers generally agree that the language skills that chimps demonstrate meet the _ criteria/criterion of language but there is still much disagreement and debate as to whether or not the speech of chimps is ______.