Exam 7: Cognition: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

_____ are based entirely on reason and logic, whereas _____ are based on mental shortcuts that are sometimes logically flawed.

The BEST example of a subordinate concept for the basic concept of a "train" is a(n):

Test bias is defined as:

A smoking cessation program that advertises its 70% success rate among patients, rather than presenting it as a 30% failure rate, is taking advantage of the concept of:

Trevor is a 16-year-old boy who grew up in a poor neighborhood, living with his single mom who worked three part-time jobs and still barely managed to pay the bills. On an intelligence test, Trevor struggles with understanding many of the words that he is asked to use in a sentence. Afterward, he asks his English teacher about some of these words, and it turns out they relate to types of food, vacations, and luxury items he had never heard of. It is MOST likely that _____ played a role in Trevor's poor performance on this test.

Dr. Beese is a cognitive psychologist. The research question they would MOST likely focus on would be how the _____ declines with age.

There's an old expression, "If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it's probably a duck." This expression is best understood as an example of which heuristic?

Douglas spent a long time in school to get a law degree because he felt that being a lawyer would keep him happy and satisfied for the rest of his life. When he graduated and landed his first job at a firm, Douglas was extremely excited and felt fulfilled. A few years later, however, Douglas found that he was no longer excited about his job and considered going back to school for a business degree. Dylan's initial thought that he'd be happy forever after achieving success in law is an example of:

Compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 thinking. Think of a situation where you were presented with an exciting new opportunity (socially or professionally). Describe the scenario and explain both your Type 1 and Type 2 thinking in response to this opportunity.

A prototype is BEST defined as:

Components of language other than the literal meaning of the words are called:

What is the normal order of the speech development process, following the first stage of parentese by caregivers speaking to the newborn babies?

_____ is the capacity to generate original ideas or approaches to a problem.

Nu Chu is at the airport to pick up a professor who is going to give a talk in the Psychology Department's speaker series at her college. Based on the representativeness heuristic, which person would she be MOST likely to approach?

_____ is about deriving meaning from words and sentences, whereas _____ is about putting together words in a certain order to make phrases and sentences.

How does the durability bias impact affective forecasting? Provide an example when either (or both) of these concepts impacted how you felt about the result of a decision you made.

A _____ is considered the smallest meaningful unit of a language.

You are having a conversation with your friend Clay about his ideal romantic partner. He begins by saying that he needs to be with "someone who is intrinsic." As a good listener, you try to understand what he means; perhaps he meant to say "intrinsically motivated" or perhaps he simply misused the term "intrinsic." You listen further and then realize that what Clay really meant to say was "introspective." Your grasp of _____ is what allowed you to understand what Clay was trying to convey.

Compare and contrast problem solving and decision making. Then imagine a typical day of getting ready for school, and describe an example of where you have to engage in problem solving versus one where you engage in decision making.

In the United States, the word "biscuit" refers to an unsweetened baked good usually served at breakfast or as a side dish. In the United Kingdom, "biscuit" means a sweet baked good that those in the United Stated would typically call a "cookie." This difference represents a difference in English: