Question 1

Catania (1975; 1980) created a study where pigeons were able to choose between a choice and a no-choice condition and found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Pigeons were unable to comprehend the choice component of their task and selected randomly 
B)  Pigeons rotated between the choice and no-choice conditions 
C)  Pigeons chose the no-choice condition 
D)  Pigeons chose the choice condition more often than the no-choice condition 
A)  Pigeons were unable to comprehend the choice component of their task and selected randomly 
B)  Pigeons rotated between the choice and no-choice conditions 
C)  Pigeons chose the no-choice condition 
D)  Pigeons chose the choice condition more often than the no-choice condition D

Question 2

On single-operant schedules, extraneous sources of reinforcement ________________ the rise of rate of response with higher rates of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow 
B)  Increase 
C)  Stop 
D)  Do not effect 
A)  Slow 
B)  Increase 
C)  Stop 
D)  Do not effect A

Question 3

The variable k in the power law form of the generalized matching equation (Baum, 1974) represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate at which reinforcers lose their value over time (discounting) 
B)  How sensitive the organism is to the distribution of reinforcers (sensitivity) 
C)  Extraneous forms of reinforcement (other) 
D)  Preferences caused by some factor that has not been identified (bias) 
A)  The rate at which reinforcers lose their value over time (discounting) 
B)  How sensitive the organism is to the distribution of reinforcers (sensitivity) 
C)  Extraneous forms of reinforcement (other) 
D)  Preferences caused by some factor that has not been identified (bias) D

Question 4

In the power law form of the generalized matching equation, an a value of less than 1 indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  Overmatching 
B)  Undermatching 
C)  Sensitivity 
D)  Self-control 
A)  Overmatching 
B)  Undermatching 
C)  Sensitivity 
D)  Self-control

Question 5

A rat placed in a chamber with two response levers, each operating on a variable-interval schedule and with one that pays off approximately 5 reinforcers per minute and a second that pays off approximately 10 reinforcers per minute, will most likely distribute its behavior as:

Accepted Answer

A)  100% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers per minute 
B)  75% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers per minute 
C)  67% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers 
D)  50% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers per minute 
A)  100% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers per minute 
B)  75% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers per minute 
C)  67% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers 
D)  50% of responses to the lever that gives 10 reinforcers per minute

Question 6

According to behavior analysts, preference is:

Accepted Answer

A)  A subjective experience 
B)  Reliably choosing one option over another 
C)  An emotional state 
D)  A motivation to behave in a certain way 
A)  A subjective experience 
B)  Reliably choosing one option over another 
C)  An emotional state 
D)  A motivation to behave in a certain way

Question 7

Which of the following is used to investigate choice in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)  A Skinner box with a single manipulandum 
B)  Both a Skinner box with a single manipulandum and two cumulative recorders that are running successively 
C)  Two cumulative recorders that are running successively 
D)  Concurrent schedules of reinforcement 
A)  A Skinner box with a single manipulandum 
B)  Both a Skinner box with a single manipulandum and two cumulative recorders that are running successively 
C)  Two cumulative recorders that are running successively 
D)  Concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Question 8

Conger and Killeen's (1974) study used confederates as well as participants to study human communication and found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Time spent talking to the listener matched the relative rate of agreement from the listener, evidence for the matching relation 
B)  Time spent talking to the listener was independent of the rate of agreement, evidence against the matching relation 
C)  Time spent listening to the speaker matched the relative rate of the individual's personal agreement with the speaker, evidence of the matching relation 
D)  Time spent listening to the speaker did not match the rate of the individual's personal agreement, evidence against the matching relation 
A)  Time spent talking to the listener matched the relative rate of agreement from the listener, evidence for the matching relation 
B)  Time spent talking to the listener was independent of the rate of agreement, evidence against the matching relation 
C)  Time spent listening to the speaker matched the relative rate of the individual's personal agreement with the speaker, evidence of the matching relation 
D)  Time spent listening to the speaker did not match the rate of the individual's personal agreement, evidence against the matching relation

Question 9

The difference between the two-key and the Findley procedure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The Findley procedure allows for measurement and control of the changeover response whereas the two-key procedure does not 
B)  The two key procedure illustrates the changeover response whereas the Findley procedure does not 
C)  The two-key procedure allows for measure and control of the changeover response whereas the Findley procedure does not 
D)  The Findley procedure illustrates the changeover response whereas the two-key procedure does not 
A)  The Findley procedure allows for measurement and control of the changeover response whereas the two-key procedure does not 
B)  The two key procedure illustrates the changeover response whereas the Findley procedure does not 
C)  The two-key procedure allows for measure and control of the changeover response whereas the Findley procedure does not 
D)  The Findley procedure illustrates the changeover response whereas the two-key procedure does not

Question 10

To investigate choice and preference, it is important that the organism be presented with ______ schedules of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  Interval 
B)  Simultaneous 
C)  Concurrent 
D)  Ordinal 
A)  Interval 
B)  Simultaneous 
C)  Concurrent 
D)  Ordinal

Question 11

From a behavioral analysis standpoint, drug addiction is the product of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Respondent choice 
B)  Operant choice 
C)  An interaction between operant and respondent learning 
D)  Biological predisposition to disease 
A)  Respondent choice 
B)  Operant choice 
C)  An interaction between operant and respondent learning 
D)  Biological predisposition to disease

Question 12

In general, adding a common delay to the time before the availability of a smaller, sooner outcome and a larger, later outcome:

Accepted Answer

A)  Has no effect on preference for either outcome 
B)  Increases preference for the smaller, sooner outcome 
C)  Increases preference for the larger, later outcome 
D)  Results in indifference between the two outcomes 
A)  Has no effect on preference for either outcome 
B)  Increases preference for the smaller, sooner outcome 
C)  Increases preference for the larger, later outcome 
D)  Results in indifference between the two outcomes

Question 13

In terms of behavior, choice is concerned with _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  The decision-making capabilities of the organism 
B)  The information processing during decision-making 
C)  The differential reinforcement of alternative behavior 
D)  The distribution of behavior among alternative sources of reinforcement 
A)  The decision-making capabilities of the organism 
B)  The information processing during decision-making 
C)  The differential reinforcement of alternative behavior 
D)  The distribution of behavior among alternative sources of reinforcement

Question 14

The equation for matching of ratios of rates of response to rates of reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is stated in terms of a power law 
B)  Includes a value for bias 
C)  Includes a value for sensitivity 
D)  All of these 
A)  Is stated in terms of a power law 
B)  Includes a value for bias 
C)  Includes a value for sensitivity 
D)  All of these

Question 15

If you use the power law of matching to estimate the quality of fit for a data set and find the estimate of coefficient a of less than 1 and the estimate of k greater than 1, the organism is showing:

Accepted Answer

A)  Undermatching and too weak a preference for the target response. 
B)  Undermatching and too strong a preference for the target response 
C)  Overmatching and too weak a preference for the target response 
D)  Undermatching and too weak a preference for the target response 
A)  Undermatching and too weak a preference for the target response. 
B)  Undermatching and too strong a preference for the target response 
C)  Overmatching and too weak a preference for the target response 
D)  Undermatching and too weak a preference for the target response

Question 16

Using the matching relation, predict the distribution of responses between a key with a fixed-ratio 40 requirement and one with a fixed-ratio 60:

Accepted Answer

A)  100% of responses to the fixed-ratio 40 schedule 
B)  40% of responses to the fixed-ratio 40 schedule 
C)  60% of responses to the fixed-ratio 49 schedule 
D)  50% of responses to the fixed-ratio 40 schedule 
A)  100% of responses to the fixed-ratio 40 schedule 
B)  40% of responses to the fixed-ratio 40 schedule 
C)  60% of responses to the fixed-ratio 49 schedule 
D)  50% of responses to the fixed-ratio 40 schedule

Question 17

In studies of discounting in humans using adjusting amount procedures, the indifference point is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  The average amount of the immediate reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa 
B)  The average amount of the delayed reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa 
C)  The average delay to the sooner reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa 
D)  The average delay to the sooner reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa. 
A)  The average amount of the immediate reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa 
B)  The average amount of the delayed reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa 
C)  The average delay to the sooner reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa 
D)  The average delay to the sooner reward at which the participant switched from either the short to the long delay, or vice versa.

Question 18

If a shift in the price of mayonnaise results in a rise in the consumption of Miracle Whip, then:

Accepted Answer

A)  The two are substitutes 
B)  The two are discriminates 
C)  The two have become operants 
D)  The schedule of reinforcement has changed 
A)  The two are substitutes 
B)  The two are discriminates 
C)  The two have become operants 
D)  The schedule of reinforcement has changed

Question 19

Exposing rats to a D1 agonist produced estimates in the matching law of less than 1 in rats trained to lever press for food because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  Elicited nonspecific food-related behavior 
B)  Increased behavior directed at lever pressing 
C)  Increased the value of the food reinforcer 
D)  Decreased the value of the food reinforcer 
A)  Elicited nonspecific food-related behavior 
B)  Increased behavior directed at lever pressing 
C)  Increased the value of the food reinforcer 
D)  Decreased the value of the food reinforcer

Question 20

The quantitative law of effect states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The value of a reinforcer will decrease hyperbolically as the delay to its occurrence increases 
B)  The absolute rate of response on a schedule of reinforcement is a hyperbolic function of rate of reinforcement on the schedule relative to the total rate of reinforcement 
C)  The relative rate of responding between options will be equal to the relative distribution of reinforcers between the options 
D)  When presented with two concurrent ratio schedules, all responses will be allocated to the option requiring the fewest responses 
A)  The value of a reinforcer will decrease hyperbolically as the delay to its occurrence increases 
B)  The absolute rate of response on a schedule of reinforcement is a hyperbolic function of rate of reinforcement on the schedule relative to the total rate of reinforcement 
C)  The relative rate of responding between options will be equal to the relative distribution of reinforcers between the options 
D)  When presented with two concurrent ratio schedules, all responses will be allocated to the option requiring the fewest responses

Catania (1975; 1980) created a study where pigeons were able to choose between a choice and a no-choice condition and found that:

On single-operant schedules, extraneous sources of reinforcement ________________ the rise of rate of response with higher rates of reinforcement.

The variable k in the power law form of the generalized matching equation (Baum, 1974) represents:

In the power law form of the generalized matching equation, an a value of less than 1 indicates:

A rat placed in a chamber with two response levers, each operating on a variable-interval schedule and with one that pays off approximately 5 reinforcers per minute and a second that pays off approximately 10 reinforcers per minute, will most likely distribute its behavior as:

According to behavior analysts, preference is:

Which of the following is used to investigate choice in the laboratory?

Conger and Killeen's (1974) study used confederates as well as participants to study human communication and found that:

The difference between the two-key and the Findley procedure is:

To investigate choice and preference, it is important that the organism be presented with ______ schedules of reinforcement.

From a behavioral analysis standpoint, drug addiction is the product of ______.

In general, adding a common delay to the time before the availability of a smaller, sooner outcome and a larger, later outcome:

In terms of behavior, choice is concerned with _______.

The equation for matching of ratios of rates of response to rates of reinforcement:

If you use the power law of matching to estimate the quality of fit for a data set and find the estimate of coefficient a of less than 1 and the estimate of k greater than 1, the organism is showing:

Using the matching relation, predict the distribution of responses between a key with a fixed-ratio 40 requirement and one with a fixed-ratio 60:

In studies of discounting in humans using adjusting amount procedures, the indifference point is defined as:

If a shift in the price of mayonnaise results in a rise in the consumption of Miracle Whip, then:

Exposing rats to a D1 agonist produced estimates in the matching law of less than 1 in rats trained to lever press for food because it:

The quantitative law of effect states that:

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Conditioned Reinforcement

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

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Exam 9: Choice and Preference

Catania (1975; 1980) created a study where pigeons were able to choose between a choice and a no-choice condition and found that:

On single-operant schedules, extraneous sources of reinforcement ________________ the rise of rate of response with higher rates of reinforcement.

The variable k in the power law form of the generalized matching equation (Baum, 1974) represents:

In the power law form of the generalized matching equation, an a value of less than 1 indicates:

A rat placed in a chamber with two response levers, each operating on a variable-interval schedule and with one that pays off approximately 5 reinforcers per minute and a second that pays off approximately 10 reinforcers per minute, will most likely distribute its behavior as:

According to behavior analysts, preference is:

Which of the following is used to investigate choice in the laboratory?

Conger and Killeen's (1974) study used confederates as well as participants to study human communication and found that:

The difference between the two-key and the Findley procedure is:

To investigate choice and preference, it is important that the organism be presented with ______ schedules of reinforcement.

From a behavioral analysis standpoint, drug addiction is the product of ______.

In general, adding a common delay to the time before the availability of a smaller, sooner outcome and a larger, later outcome:

In terms of behavior, choice is concerned with _______.

The equation for matching of ratios of rates of response to rates of reinforcement:

If you use the power law of matching to estimate the quality of fit for a data set and find the estimate of coefficient a of less than 1 and the estimate of k greater than 1, the organism is showing:

Using the matching relation, predict the distribution of responses between a key with a fixed-ratio 40 requirement and one with a fixed-ratio 60:

In studies of discounting in humans using adjusting amount procedures, the indifference point is defined as:

If a shift in the price of mayonnaise results in a rise in the consumption of Miracle Whip, then:

Exposing rats to a D1 agonist produced estimates in the matching law of less than 1 in rats trained to lever press for food because it:

The quantitative law of effect states that:

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Conditioned Reinforcement

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

Filters