Question 1

According to behavior analysts, _____ is adjusting behavior on the basis of past experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral flexibility 
B)  Adaptation 
C)  Learning 
D)  Behavioral history 
A)  Behavioral flexibility 
B)  Adaptation 
C)  Learning 
D)  Behavioral history A

Question 2

From a behavioral standpoint natural selection:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is secondary to behavioral selection 
B)  Involves contingencies of survival that determine behaviors that aided in survival and reproduction 
C)  Involves contingencies of reproduction that determine which genes will be passed on 
D)  Is irrelevant to the formation of behavior 
A)  Is secondary to behavioral selection 
B)  Involves contingencies of survival that determine behaviors that aided in survival and reproduction 
C)  Involves contingencies of reproduction that determine which genes will be passed on 
D)  Is irrelevant to the formation of behavior B

Question 3

The behavior of invertebrates such as Aplysia is totally:

Accepted Answer

A)  Controlled by genes 
B)  Reflexive 
C)  Learned 
D)  None of these 
A)  Controlled by genes 
B)  Reflexive 
C)  Learned 
D)  None of these D

Question 4

What allowed for the emergence of human culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological evolution of operant processes 
B)  Social contingencies of verbal behavior 
C)  Social signaling by bees 
D)  Both biological evolution of operant processes and social contingencies of verbal behavior 
A)  Biological evolution of operant processes 
B)  Social contingencies of verbal behavior 
C)  Social signaling by bees 
D)  Both biological evolution of operant processes and social contingencies of verbal behavior

Question 5

_____ is(are) the evolutionary history of a species.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetics 
B)  Phylogeny 
C)  Sexual selection 
D)  Natural selection 
A)  Genetics 
B)  Phylogeny 
C)  Sexual selection 
D)  Natural selection

Question 6

The three levels of selection suggested by behavioral researchers are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection, behavioral selection by reinforcement, and cultural selection 
B)  Natural selection, sexual selection, and environmental selection 
C)  Sexual selection, behavioral selection, and natural selection 
D)  Biological selection, behavioral selection, and group selection 
A)  Natural selection, behavioral selection by reinforcement, and cultural selection 
B)  Natural selection, sexual selection, and environmental selection 
C)  Sexual selection, behavioral selection, and natural selection 
D)  Biological selection, behavioral selection, and group selection

Question 7

The Gomeros in the Canary Islands are an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  The relationship between rule-governed behavior and the interaction with verbal behavior 
B)  Respondent conditioning creating diverse verbal behavior 
C)  How people speak depends on the verbal contingencies as arranged by topography of the terrain 
D)  Natural selection choosing individuals with stronger vocal capacities based on the terrain 
A)  The relationship between rule-governed behavior and the interaction with verbal behavior 
B)  Respondent conditioning creating diverse verbal behavior 
C)  How people speak depends on the verbal contingencies as arranged by topography of the terrain 
D)  Natural selection choosing individuals with stronger vocal capacities based on the terrain

Question 8

Epigenetic studies with carpenter ants showed that major ants given HDAC inhibitors

Accepted Answer

A)  Showed less foraging behavior 
B)  Were less aggressive 
C)  Showed increased foraging behavior 
D)  Showed decreases in aggression 
A)  Showed less foraging behavior 
B)  Were less aggressive 
C)  Showed increased foraging behavior 
D)  Showed decreases in aggression

Question 9

At what levels does selection by consequences occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural 
B)  Biological 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Cultural 
B)  Biological 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

A macrocontingency is

Accepted Answer

A)  When the behavior of multiple people produces a cumulative effect for the group, only with explicit interlocking contingencies 
B)  When the behavior of multiple people produces a cumulative effect for the group, without any explicit interlocking contingencies 
C)  When the behavior of an individual produces a cumulative effect for the group 
D)  When the behavior of a group produces a greater cumulative effect for an individual member of the group 
A)  When the behavior of multiple people produces a cumulative effect for the group, only with explicit interlocking contingencies 
B)  When the behavior of multiple people produces a cumulative effect for the group, without any explicit interlocking contingencies 
C)  When the behavior of an individual produces a cumulative effect for the group 
D)  When the behavior of a group produces a greater cumulative effect for an individual member of the group

Question 11

Experiments using costly punishment procedures with the ability to communicate generally find that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The availability to punish others increases cooperation 
B)  The use of punishment erodes prior cooperative agreements 
C)  People who punish generally contribute more to the group pool overall 
D)  Punishment with communication led to greater cooperative behavior 
A)  The availability to punish others increases cooperation 
B)  The use of punishment erodes prior cooperative agreements 
C)  People who punish generally contribute more to the group pool overall 
D)  Punishment with communication led to greater cooperative behavior

Question 12

Pierce (1991) described the power of a _____ in a troop of baboons that were taught to avoid a more appetizing banana in favor of a less appetizing chow.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural norm 
B)  Self-governed rule 
C)  Cultural taboo 
D)  Verbal operant 
A)  Cultural norm 
B)  Self-governed rule 
C)  Cultural taboo 
D)  Verbal operant

Question 13

At the behavioral level, the unit of selection is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcement 
B)  Operant 
C)  Punishment 
D)  Respondent 
A)  Reinforcement 
B)  Operant 
C)  Punishment 
D)  Respondent

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the rules used in McDowell's theory of behavior dynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  A selection rule 
B)  A reproduction rule 
C)  A learning rule 
D)  A mutation rule 
A)  A selection rule 
B)  A reproduction rule 
C)  A learning rule 
D)  A mutation rule

Question 15

Mery and Kawecki's (2002) artificial selection study, in which flies that retained an association between place and a particular chemical for several hours were selectively bred with each other, provided evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning ability is genetically primed 
B)  Learning ability is insensitive to genetic changes 
C)  Learning ability fluctuates across the lifespan 
D)  Learning ability predicts reproductive success 
A)  Learning ability is genetically primed 
B)  Learning ability is insensitive to genetic changes 
C)  Learning ability fluctuates across the lifespan 
D)  Learning ability predicts reproductive success

Question 16

The single common principle operating at the level of biology, behavior, and culture is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Survival of the fittest 
B)  Selection by consequences 
C)  Phylogenetic contingencies 
D)  Selection by design 
A)  Survival of the fittest 
B)  Selection by consequences 
C)  Phylogenetic contingencies 
D)  Selection by design

Question 17

The ability to have one's behavior strengthened by reinforcement is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heritable 
B)  Determined 
C)  Learned 
D)  Disadvantageous 
A)  Heritable 
B)  Determined 
C)  Learned 
D)  Disadvantageous

Question 18

At what level(s) do/does selection by consequences occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral 
B)  Cultural 
C)  Biological 
D)  All of these 
A)  Behavioral 
B)  Cultural 
C)  Biological 
D)  All of these

Question 19

Operant behaviors are selected by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Choice 
B)  Cognitions 
C)  Chromosomes 
D)  Consequences 
A)  Choice 
B)  Cognitions 
C)  Chromosomes 
D)  Consequences

Question 20

Gruber and colleagues' (2009) work with chimps involving a deep drilled hole filled with honey found that chimps from the troops that usually used leaves to obtain food used _____ in the new context, while chimps that that usually used sticks used ______ in the new context.

Accepted Answer

A)  Leaves; sticks 
B)  Their fingers; their fingers 
C)  Sticks; sticks 
D)  Leaves; leaves 
A)  Leaves; sticks 
B)  Their fingers; their fingers 
C)  Sticks; sticks 
D)  Leaves; leaves

According to behavior analysts, _____ is adjusting behavior on the basis of past experience.

From a behavioral standpoint natural selection:

The behavior of invertebrates such as Aplysia is totally:

What allowed for the emergence of human culture?

_____ is(are) the evolutionary history of a species.

The three levels of selection suggested by behavioral researchers are:

The Gomeros in the Canary Islands are an example of:

Epigenetic studies with carpenter ants showed that major ants given HDAC inhibitors

At what levels does selection by consequences occur?

A macrocontingency is

Experiments using costly punishment procedures with the ability to communicate generally find that:

Pierce (1991) described the power of a _____ in a troop of baboons that were taught to avoid a more appetizing banana in favor of a less appetizing chow.

At the behavioral level, the unit of selection is the _____.

Which of the following is not one of the rules used in McDowell's theory of behavior dynamics?

Mery and Kawecki's (2002) artificial selection study, in which flies that retained an association between place and a particular chemical for several hours were selectively bred with each other, provided evidence that:

The single common principle operating at the level of biology, behavior, and culture is ________.

The ability to have one's behavior strengthened by reinforcement is ______.

At what level(s) do/does selection by consequences occur?

Operant behaviors are selected by ______.

Gruber and colleagues' (2009) work with chimps involving a deep drilled hole filled with honey found that chimps from the troops that usually used leaves to obtain food used _ in the new context, while chimps that that usually used sticks used __ in the new context.

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Choice and Preference

Conditioned Reinforcement

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Filters

Exam 14: Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

According to behavior analysts, _____ is adjusting behavior on the basis of past experience.

From a behavioral standpoint natural selection:

The behavior of invertebrates such as Aplysia is totally:

What allowed for the emergence of human culture?

_____ is(are) the evolutionary history of a species.

The three levels of selection suggested by behavioral researchers are:

The Gomeros in the Canary Islands are an example of:

Epigenetic studies with carpenter ants showed that major ants given HDAC inhibitors

At what levels does selection by consequences occur?

A macrocontingency is

Experiments using costly punishment procedures with the ability to communicate generally find that:

Pierce (1991) described the power of a _____ in a troop of baboons that were taught to avoid a more appetizing banana in favor of a less appetizing chow.

At the behavioral level, the unit of selection is the _____.

Which of the following is not one of the rules used in McDowell's theory of behavior dynamics?

Mery and Kawecki's (2002) artificial selection study, in which flies that retained an association between place and a particular chemical for several hours were selectively bred with each other, provided evidence that:

The single common principle operating at the level of biology, behavior, and culture is ________.

The ability to have one's behavior strengthened by reinforcement is ______.

At what level(s) do/does selection by consequences occur?

Operant behaviors are selected by ______.

Gruber and colleagues' (2009) work with chimps involving a deep drilled hole filled with honey found that chimps from the troops that usually used leaves to obtain food used _____ in the new context, while chimps that that usually used sticks used ______ in the new context.

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Choice and Preference

Conditioned Reinforcement

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Filters

Gruber and colleagues' (2009) work with chimps involving a deep drilled hole filled with honey found that chimps from the troops that usually used leaves to obtain food used _ in the new context, while chimps that that usually used sticks used __ in the new context.