Question 1

Skinner proposed that the basic datum (measure) for operant analysis should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnitude 
B)  Latency 
C)  Frequency 
D)  Rate 
A)  Magnitude 
B)  Latency 
C)  Frequency 
D)  Rate D

Question 2

The Premack principle states that a higher-frequency behavior will:

Accepted Answer

A)  Function as reinforcement for a lower-frequency behavior 
B)  None of these 
C)  Function as intermittent reinforcement for a low-frequency behavior 
D)  Function as punishment for a high-frequency behavior 
A)  Function as reinforcement for a lower-frequency behavior 
B)  None of these 
C)  Function as intermittent reinforcement for a low-frequency behavior 
D)  Function as punishment for a high-frequency behavior A

Question 3

"Shooting a basketball consists of holding the ball in one hand while the knees are bent with feet shoulder-width apart, followed by pushing the feet into the floor, extending the arm, and flicking the wrist." This description is focusing on what element of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Topography 
B)  Function 
C)  Duration 
D)  Discriminative function 
A)  Topography 
B)  Function 
C)  Duration 
D)  Discriminative function A

Question 4

Although she was happy in the relationship, Joan decided to break up with her boyfriend several weeks ago. He tried contacting her for several days afterward, but after several weeks without any response from Joan, he stopped trying to contact her. Then, one day, Joan accidentally sends her ex a text message asking about his day. After this message, he starts frequently texting and calling Joan again. This reappearance of the previously extinguished behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous recovery 
B)  Generalization 
C)  Reinforcement 
D)  Reinstatement of responding 
A)  Spontaneous recovery 
B)  Generalization 
C)  Reinforcement 
D)  Reinstatement of responding

Question 5

Neuringer's investigations into the effect of reinforcement on problem solving suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcement results in stereotyped behavior 
B)  Variability in responding is an operant that can be reinforced 
C)  The use of reinforcement results in highly rigid behavior 
D)  Stereotypy and rigidity are unavoidable consequences of reinforcement 
A)  Reinforcement results in stereotyped behavior 
B)  Variability in responding is an operant that can be reinforced 
C)  The use of reinforcement results in highly rigid behavior 
D)  Stereotypy and rigidity are unavoidable consequences of reinforcement

Question 6

Response deprivation has what effect on the response hierarchy in a free-choice setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deprivation removes the free-choice element of decision-making 
B)  Deprivation can lead to the performance of all behaviors to increase in frequency creating excessive responding 
C)  Deprivation can lead to a behavior moving up on the response hierarchy, functioning as greater reinforcement at a given moment 
D)  Deprivation does not affect the response hierarchy 
A)  Deprivation removes the free-choice element of decision-making 
B)  Deprivation can lead to the performance of all behaviors to increase in frequency creating excessive responding 
C)  Deprivation can lead to a behavior moving up on the response hierarchy, functioning as greater reinforcement at a given moment 
D)  Deprivation does not affect the response hierarchy

Question 7

Andrew spends a lot of time playing guitar and very little time studying. ______ suggest(s) that playing the guitar could be a reinforcer for studying.

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment theories 
B)  Respondent conditioning 
C)  Social-cognitive conditioning 
D)  The Premack principle 
A)  Punishment theories 
B)  Respondent conditioning 
C)  Social-cognitive conditioning 
D)  The Premack principle

Question 8

How does in-vitro reinforcement relate to Skinner's "atoms of behavior"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disproves Skinner by showing that reinforcement does not exist at the neural level 
B)  Disproves Skinner by showing that atoms do not generate behavior 
C)  Supports Skinner by showing that reinforcement exists at the neural level 
D)  Supports Skinner by showing that atoms generate behavior 
A)  Disproves Skinner by showing that reinforcement does not exist at the neural level 
B)  Disproves Skinner by showing that atoms do not generate behavior 
C)  Supports Skinner by showing that reinforcement exists at the neural level 
D)  Supports Skinner by showing that atoms generate behavior

Question 9

The major functional difference between forgetting and extinction is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The opportunity to emit the behavior during extinction, but not forgetting 
B)  The opportunity to emit the behavior during forgetting, but not extinction 
C)  Extinction deals with behavior while forgetting deals with memory 
D)  Forgetting occurs mostly in older organisms while extinction can occur with individuals of any age 
A)  The opportunity to emit the behavior during extinction, but not forgetting 
B)  The opportunity to emit the behavior during forgetting, but not extinction 
C)  Extinction deals with behavior while forgetting deals with memory 
D)  Forgetting occurs mostly in older organisms while extinction can occur with individuals of any age

Question 10

Deprivation operations (such as not feeding an organism for several hours before a study begins) can only be said to have established the deprived stimulus as a reinforcer if:

Accepted Answer

A)  The time of deprivation is sufficient to create a need for the response 
B)  The rate of response for the instrumental response increases when it provides contingent access to the deprived stimulus 
C)  The organism shows noticeable signs of distress 
D)  The organism's behavior shows the first stages of an extinction burst 
A)  The time of deprivation is sufficient to create a need for the response 
B)  The rate of response for the instrumental response increases when it provides contingent access to the deprived stimulus 
C)  The organism shows noticeable signs of distress 
D)  The organism's behavior shows the first stages of an extinction burst

Question 11

Before Frank could begin his research project, he had to train his rat to press the lever by reinforcing successive approximations of lever pressing. This technique is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Operant level 
C)  Shaping 
D)  Acquisition 
A)  Extinction 
B)  Operant level 
C)  Shaping 
D)  Acquisition

Question 12

In terms of rewards and intrinsic motivation, Cameron et al. (2001) conducted a statistical procedure called _____ and one of the findings indicated that verbal rewards ____ performance and interest on tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  Multivariate analysis; increased 
B)  Multivariate analysis; decreased 
C)  Meta-analysis; decreased 
D)  Meta-analysis; increased 
A)  Multivariate analysis; increased 
B)  Multivariate analysis; decreased 
C)  Meta-analysis; decreased 
D)  Meta-analysis; increased

Question 13

One of the main criticisms of behavioral rewards and reinforcement is the idea that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  External rewards will lead to lower intrinsic motivation 
B)  External rewards will lead to higher intrinsic motivation 
C)  Intrinsic motivation will not be effected by external motivation 
D)  Internal rewards will lead to lower intrinsic motivation 
A)  External rewards will lead to lower intrinsic motivation 
B)  External rewards will lead to higher intrinsic motivation 
C)  Intrinsic motivation will not be effected by external motivation 
D)  Internal rewards will lead to lower intrinsic motivation

Question 14

Max finds that his new dog will work really hard for bites of a doggy treat at the beginning of a training session, but appears to lose interest in the treats the more that Max gives to him. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Deprivation 
C)  Generalization 
D)  Satiation 
A)  Extinction 
B)  Deprivation 
C)  Generalization 
D)  Satiation

Question 15

During magazine training, when a pigeon is placed in a chamber for the first time it may demonstrate a variety of behavioral responses because of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioned aversive stimuli 
B)  Respondent conditioning to perceive the chamber as aversive 
C)  The novel features in the chamber that may serve as aversive stimuli 
D)  Conditioned positive stimuli that activate pleasure mechanisms in the bird's brain 
A)  Conditioned aversive stimuli 
B)  Respondent conditioning to perceive the chamber as aversive 
C)  The novel features in the chamber that may serve as aversive stimuli 
D)  Conditioned positive stimuli that activate pleasure mechanisms in the bird's brain

Question 16

The _______ is the behavior that produces the opportunity to engage in some activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Manipulative response 
B)  Instrumental response 
C)  Maladaptive response 
D)  Contingent response 
A)  Manipulative response 
B)  Instrumental response 
C)  Maladaptive response 
D)  Contingent response

Question 17

Which of the following is (are) involved in the partial reinforcement effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrimination between reinforcement and extinction is more rapid on CRF 
B)  Longer extinction on intermittent reinforcement compared with CRF 
C)  The higher the rate of reinforcement, the greater the resistance to change 
D)  All of these 
A)  Discrimination between reinforcement and extinction is more rapid on CRF 
B)  Longer extinction on intermittent reinforcement compared with CRF 
C)  The higher the rate of reinforcement, the greater the resistance to change 
D)  All of these

Question 18

Shaping of behavior involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  The molding of a response class by the physical arrangement of the operant chamber 
B)  Reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the final performance 
C)  Withholding and giving food for correct performance of a specified level of response 
D)  None of the above 
A)  The molding of a response class by the physical arrangement of the operant chamber 
B)  Reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the final performance 
C)  Withholding and giving food for correct performance of a specified level of response 
D)  None of the above

Question 19

A classic experiment on the effects of extinction by Antonitis (1951) involved:

Accepted Answer

A)  Nose poking by rats for food reinforcement 
B)  Photographs of the rats' position and body angle 
C)  Increased variability of nose poking during extinction 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Nose poking by rats for food reinforcement 
B)  Photographs of the rats' position and body angle 
C)  Increased variability of nose poking during extinction 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

The extinction burst refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in frequency of the behavior when extinction is first started 
B)  An increase in the variability of behavior when extinction is first started 
C)  Increased emotional responding that occurs during extinction 
D)  The tendency for previously reinforced behavior to reappear during extinction 
A)  An increase in frequency of the behavior when extinction is first started 
B)  An increase in the variability of behavior when extinction is first started 
C)  Increased emotional responding that occurs during extinction 
D)  The tendency for previously reinforced behavior to reappear during extinction

Skinner proposed that the basic datum (measure) for operant analysis should be:

The Premack principle states that a higher-frequency behavior will:

"Shooting a basketball consists of holding the ball in one hand while the knees are bent with feet shoulder-width apart, followed by pushing the feet into the floor, extending the arm, and flicking the wrist." This description is focusing on what element of behavior?

Neuringer's investigations into the effect of reinforcement on problem solving suggested that:

Response deprivation has what effect on the response hierarchy in a free-choice setting?

Andrew spends a lot of time playing guitar and very little time studying. ______ suggest(s) that playing the guitar could be a reinforcer for studying.

How does in-vitro reinforcement relate to Skinner's "atoms of behavior"?

The major functional difference between forgetting and extinction is:

Deprivation operations (such as not feeding an organism for several hours before a study begins) can only be said to have established the deprived stimulus as a reinforcer if:

Before Frank could begin his research project, he had to train his rat to press the lever by reinforcing successive approximations of lever pressing. This technique is known as:

In terms of rewards and intrinsic motivation, Cameron et al. (2001) conducted a statistical procedure called _ and one of the findings indicated that verbal rewards performance and interest on tasks.

One of the main criticisms of behavioral rewards and reinforcement is the idea that ______.

Max finds that his new dog will work really hard for bites of a doggy treat at the beginning of a training session, but appears to lose interest in the treats the more that Max gives to him. This is an example of:

During magazine training, when a pigeon is placed in a chamber for the first time it may demonstrate a variety of behavioral responses because of ________.

The _______ is the behavior that produces the opportunity to engage in some activity.

Which of the following is (are) involved in the partial reinforcement effect?

Shaping of behavior involves:

A classic experiment on the effects of extinction by Antonitis (1951) involved:

The extinction burst refers to:

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Choice and Preference

Conditioned Reinforcement

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

Filters

Exam 4: Reinforcement and Extinction of Operant Behavior

Skinner proposed that the basic datum (measure) for operant analysis should be:

The Premack principle states that a higher-frequency behavior will:

"Shooting a basketball consists of holding the ball in one hand while the knees are bent with feet shoulder-width apart, followed by pushing the feet into the floor, extending the arm, and flicking the wrist." This description is focusing on what element of behavior?

Neuringer's investigations into the effect of reinforcement on problem solving suggested that:

Response deprivation has what effect on the response hierarchy in a free-choice setting?

Andrew spends a lot of time playing guitar and very little time studying. ______ suggest(s) that playing the guitar could be a reinforcer for studying.

How does in-vitro reinforcement relate to Skinner's "atoms of behavior"?

The major functional difference between forgetting and extinction is:

Deprivation operations (such as not feeding an organism for several hours before a study begins) can only be said to have established the deprived stimulus as a reinforcer if:

Before Frank could begin his research project, he had to train his rat to press the lever by reinforcing successive approximations of lever pressing. This technique is known as:

In terms of rewards and intrinsic motivation, Cameron et al. (2001) conducted a statistical procedure called _____ and one of the findings indicated that verbal rewards ____ performance and interest on tasks.

One of the main criticisms of behavioral rewards and reinforcement is the idea that ______.

Max finds that his new dog will work really hard for bites of a doggy treat at the beginning of a training session, but appears to lose interest in the treats the more that Max gives to him. This is an example of:

During magazine training, when a pigeon is placed in a chamber for the first time it may demonstrate a variety of behavioral responses because of ________.

The _______ is the behavior that produces the opportunity to engage in some activity.

Which of the following is (are) involved in the partial reinforcement effect?

Shaping of behavior involves:

A classic experiment on the effects of extinction by Antonitis (1951) involved:

The extinction burst refers to:

A Science of Behavior: Perspective, History, and Assumptions

The Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Reflexive Behavior and Respondent Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement

Aversive Control of Behavior

Operantrespondent Interrelationships: the Biological Context of Conditioning

Stimulus Control

Choice and Preference

Conditioned Reinforcement

Correspondence Relations: Imitation and Rule-Governed Behavior

Verbal Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis

Three Levels of Selection: Biology, Behavior, and Culture

Filters

In terms of rewards and intrinsic motivation, Cameron et al. (2001) conducted a statistical procedure called _ and one of the findings indicated that verbal rewards performance and interest on tasks.