Question 1

John Watson advised parents to treat their children with

Accepted Answer

A) respect. 
B) hostile attributions. 
C) affection. 
D) objectivity. 
A) respect. 
B) hostile attributions. 
C) affection. 
D) objectivity.

Question 2

Imprinting is of particular concern to _____ theorists.

Accepted Answer

A) bioecological 
B) psychoanalytic 
C) ethological 
D) social learning 
A) bioecological 
B) psychoanalytic 
C) ethological 
D) social learning

Question 3

Explicit predictions based on principles of learning theories can be

Accepted Answer

A) empirically tested. 
B) clinically observed. 
C) empirically observed. 
D) clinically tested. 
A) empirically tested. 
B) clinically observed. 
C) empirically observed. 
D) clinically tested.

Question 4

According to Dodge's information-processing theory of social problem solving, aggressive children's primary problem is that they

Accepted Answer

A) have a bias in their interpretations of others' behaviours. 
B) expect aggressive behaviour to be useful in getting along with others. 
C) do not possess the ability to formulate socially acceptable goals. 
D) have a poor capacity to generate strategies to achieve their goals. 
A) have a bias in their interpretations of others' behaviours. 
B) expect aggressive behaviour to be useful in getting along with others. 
C) do not possess the ability to formulate socially acceptable goals. 
D) have a poor capacity to generate strategies to achieve their goals.

Question 5

With respect to the nature of children and development, theories of social cognition emphasize

Accepted Answer

A) self-socialization. 
B) reinforcement and imitation. 
C) the stages children progress through as they develop. 
D) the contexts of which children are a part. 
A) self-socialization. 
B) reinforcement and imitation. 
C) the stages children progress through as they develop. 
D) the contexts of which children are a part.

Question 6

Professor Albright studies the evolutionary bases of behaviour. His focus is on

Accepted Answer

A) ethology. 
B) the entity theory. 
C) the social-learning theory. 
D) information processing. 
A) ethology. 
B) the entity theory. 
C) the social-learning theory. 
D) information processing.

Question 7

Describe the phenomenon of imprinting.

Accepted Answer

Ethological approaches have frequently b

Question 8

Research using rodents and nonhuman primates has found that _____ are disrupted by adverse early life experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) hormonal systems 
B) genetic influences 
C) limbic system functions 
D) cultural influences 
A) hormonal systems 
B) genetic influences 
C) limbic system functions 
D) cultural influences

Question 9

Which statement provides an example of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A) A child becomes fearful of snakes after being bitten by one. 
B) A child who tends to treat others with kindness influences her peers' behaviour, which in turn influences the child. 
C) A child with poor academic self-efficacy is more likely than other children to withdraw from school work. 
D) A child continues to throw temper tantrums because he gets what he wants as a result. 
A) A child becomes fearful of snakes after being bitten by one. 
B) A child who tends to treat others with kindness influences her peers' behaviour, which in turn influences the child. 
C) A child with poor academic self-efficacy is more likely than other children to withdraw from school work. 
D) A child continues to throw temper tantrums because he gets what he wants as a result.

Question 10

Michael is 16 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A) phallic stage 
B) oral stage 
C) genital stage 
D) latency period 
A) phallic stage 
B) oral stage 
C) genital stage 
D) latency period

Question 11

Even though his parents have explained to him that it is dishonest and therefore wrong to tell lies, Zachary once again lies to his sister about where her favourite blanket is. Shortly after doing so, he feels intensely sorry for what he has done. According to Erikson's theory, Zachary appears as if he has successfully resolved which crisis?

Accepted Answer

A) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
B) industry versus inferiority 
C) initiative versus guilt 
D) basic trust versus mistrust 
A) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
B) industry versus inferiority 
C) initiative versus guilt 
D) basic trust versus mistrust

Question 12

An entity/helpless orientation refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) belief that intelligence can grow as a result of experience. 
B) belief that intelligence is fixed. 
C) tendency to attribute success and failure to enduring aspects of the self and to give up in the face of failure. 
D) tendency to attribute success and failure to amount of effort expended and to persist in the face of failure. 
A) belief that intelligence can grow as a result of experience. 
B) belief that intelligence is fixed. 
C) tendency to attribute success and failure to enduring aspects of the self and to give up in the face of failure. 
D) tendency to attribute success and failure to amount of effort expended and to persist in the face of failure.

Question 13

Seth and his preschool friend frequently dump all the books off the bookshelf in the classroom. One day, Seth observes his friend being punished by their preschool teacher after she saw his friend dumping the books. After seeing his friend punished, Seth never again dumps books off the bookshelf. Seth has learned through

Accepted Answer

A) imitation. 
B) punishment. 
C) vicarious reinforcement. 
D) reciprocal determinism. 
A) imitation. 
B) punishment. 
C) vicarious reinforcement. 
D) reciprocal determinism.

Question 14

Bandura's theory did NOT

Accepted Answer

A) emphasize the role of cognitive aspects of learning. 
B) hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning. 
C) focus on the role of observations of others. 
D) acknowledge the active role children play in their own development. 
A) emphasize the role of cognitive aspects of learning. 
B) hold that direct reinforcement is required for learning. 
C) focus on the role of observations of others. 
D) acknowledge the active role children play in their own development.

Question 15

Carlos feels guilty when he disobeys his parents' rule about not eating cookies before dinner. Freud would see Carlos's guilt as a sign that he has developed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) superego. 
B) fixation. 
C) id. 
D) ego. 
A) superego. 
B) fixation. 
C) id. 
D) ego.

Question 16

According to Selman, children in stage 4

Accepted Answer

A) believe that others' different perspectives stem from possession of different knowledge. 
B) realize that others have different perspectives and are able to think about others' points of view. 
C) are able to systematically compare their own and another person's points of view. 
D) attempt to understand others' views by comparing them to the generalized other. 
A) believe that others' different perspectives stem from possession of different knowledge. 
B) realize that others have different perspectives and are able to think about others' points of view. 
C) are able to systematically compare their own and another person's points of view. 
D) attempt to understand others' views by comparing them to the generalized other.

Question 17

Parental-investment theory explains the higher rate of murder committed by stepfathers against stepchildren than of murder committed by fathers against biological children in terms of the difference in

Accepted Answer

A) time spent with the children. 
B) genetic similarity. 
C) attachment. 
D) societal endorsement. 
A) time spent with the children. 
B) genetic similarity. 
C) attachment. 
D) societal endorsement.

Question 18

Which theorist claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner 
B) Watson 
C) Freud 
D) Bandura 
A) Skinner 
B) Watson 
C) Freud 
D) Bandura

Question 19

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

Accepted Answer

A) initiative versus guilt 
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
C) basic trust versus mistrust 
D) identity versus role confusion 
A) initiative versus guilt 
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt 
C) basic trust versus mistrust 
D) identity versus role confusion

Question 20

According to Erikson, if a person does not successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage, the person

Accepted Answer

A) becomes fixated on the needs of that stage. 
B) makes hostile attributions. 
C) develops infantile amnesia. 
D) continues to struggle with the issue. 
A) becomes fixated on the needs of that stage. 
B) makes hostile attributions. 
C) develops infantile amnesia. 
D) continues to struggle with the issue.

John Watson advised parents to treat their children with

Imprinting is of particular concern to _____ theorists.

Explicit predictions based on principles of learning theories can be

According to Dodge's information-processing theory of social problem solving, aggressive children's primary problem is that they

With respect to the nature of children and development, theories of social cognition emphasize

Professor Albright studies the evolutionary bases of behaviour. His focus is on

Describe the phenomenon of imprinting.

Research using rodents and nonhuman primates has found that _____ are disrupted by adverse early life experiences.

Which statement provides an example of reciprocal determinism?

Michael is 16 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Freud?

An entity/helpless orientation refers to the

Bandura's theory did NOT

Carlos feels guilty when he disobeys his parents' rule about not eating cookies before dinner. Freud would see Carlos's guilt as a sign that he has developed a(n)

According to Selman, children in stage 4

Parental-investment theory explains the higher rate of murder committed by stepfathers against stepchildren than of murder committed by fathers against biological children in terms of the difference in

Which theorist claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

According to Erikson, if a person does not successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage, the person

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 9: Theories of Social Development

John Watson advised parents to treat their children with

Imprinting is of particular concern to _____ theorists.

Explicit predictions based on principles of learning theories can be

According to Dodge's information-processing theory of social problem solving, aggressive children's primary problem is that they

With respect to the nature of children and development, theories of social cognition emphasize

Professor Albright studies the evolutionary bases of behaviour. His focus is on

Describe the phenomenon of imprinting.

Research using rodents and nonhuman primates has found that _____ are disrupted by adverse early life experiences.

Which statement provides an example of reciprocal determinism?

Michael is 16 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Freud?

An entity/helpless orientation refers to the

Bandura's theory did NOT

Carlos feels guilty when he disobeys his parents' rule about not eating cookies before dinner. Freud would see Carlos's guilt as a sign that he has developed a(n)

According to Selman, children in stage 4

Parental-investment theory explains the higher rate of murder committed by stepfathers against stepchildren than of murder committed by fathers against biological children in terms of the difference in

Which theorist claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

According to Erikson, children develop a conscience during which stage?

According to Erikson, if a person does not successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage, the person

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters