Question 1

In observational learning, the organism whose behavior is observed is termed the ________.

Accepted Answer

model

Question 2

Alexis uses cocaine, which activates her sympathetic nervous system. Expecting her dealer, her hands shake and her heart pounds. Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus, the CS, and the US

Accepted Answer

A) neutral stimulus-knock on the door; CS-cocaine; US-cocaine 
B) neutral stimulus-knock on the door; CS-knock on the door; US-pounding heart 
C) neutral stimulus-knock on the door; CS-knock on the door; US-cocaine 
D) neutral stimulus-cocaine; CS-knock on the door; US-cocaine 
A) neutral stimulus-knock on the door; CS-cocaine; US-cocaine 
B) neutral stimulus-knock on the door; CS-knock on the door; US-pounding heart 
C) neutral stimulus-knock on the door; CS-knock on the door; US-cocaine 
D) neutral stimulus-cocaine; CS-knock on the door; US-cocaine C

Question 3

Why might Tolman's latent learning results pose a problem for strict, Skinnerian views of learning

Accepted Answer

A) The results suggest that direct reinforcement is not necessary for learning to occur. 
B) The results suggest that internal processes may be necessary to fully explain learning. 
C) The results suggest that insight is an important part of learning. 
D) both A and B 
A) The results suggest that direct reinforcement is not necessary for learning to occur. 
B) The results suggest that internal processes may be necessary to fully explain learning. 
C) The results suggest that insight is an important part of learning. 
D) both A and B D

Question 4

Based on your text's discussion, how might the classical conditioning processes underlying PTSD differ from those operating in more mundane circumstances

Accepted Answer

A) PTSD reflects especially strong CS-US associations. 
B) In PTSD, the CS-US associations are slow to extinguish. 
C) PTSD reflects especially extensive stimulus generalization. 
D) PTSD reflects a particularly high degree of stimulus discrimination. 
E) both A and B 
A) PTSD reflects especially strong CS-US associations. 
B) In PTSD, the CS-US associations are slow to extinguish. 
C) PTSD reflects especially extensive stimulus generalization. 
D) PTSD reflects a particularly high degree of stimulus discrimination. 
E) both A and B

Question 5

How are conditioning, insight, and modeling related, if they are at all

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioning, insight, and modeling are all types of learning. 
B) Conditioning, insight, and modeling are all similar to learning. 
C) Conditioning, insight, and modeling are all the same type of learning. 
D) The three processes are unrelated. 
A) Conditioning, insight, and modeling are all types of learning. 
B) Conditioning, insight, and modeling are all similar to learning. 
C) Conditioning, insight, and modeling are all the same type of learning. 
D) The three processes are unrelated.

Question 6

The root of operant conditioning may be traced to ________'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner 
B) Thorndike 
C) Watson 
D) Pavlov 
A) Skinner 
B) Thorndike 
C) Watson 
D) Pavlov

Question 7

Ava is wheeling her toddler, Jamie, through the supermarket after a long and tiring day. When Jamie begins to fuss, Ava scolds her sharply and Jamie's fussing subsides. Which of the following statements is most likely true

Accepted Answer

A) Ava's scolding negatively reinforces Jamie's fussing. 
B) Ava's scolding punishes Jamie's fussing. 
C) That Jamie stops fussing negatively reinforces Ava's scolding. 
D) Both B and C. 
A) Ava's scolding negatively reinforces Jamie's fussing. 
B) Ava's scolding punishes Jamie's fussing. 
C) That Jamie stops fussing negatively reinforces Ava's scolding. 
D) Both B and C.

Question 8

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a(n) _______ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Pavlov's study, the bell is both...

Question 9

Which of the following defines negative punishment

Accepted Answer

A) Strengthening a response by removing an unpleasant stimulus 
B) Strengthening a response by presenting a pleasant stimulus 
C) Weakening a response by removing a pleasant stimulus 
D) Weakening a response by presenting an unpleasant stimulus 
A) Strengthening a response by removing an unpleasant stimulus 
B) Strengthening a response by presenting a pleasant stimulus 
C) Weakening a response by removing a pleasant stimulus 
D) Weakening a response by presenting an unpleasant stimulus

Question 10

Shaping is one way that organisms learn relatively _________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shaping is one way that organisms learn...

Question 11

On most occasions, drivers you let into your lane acknowledge the favor in some way; sometimes, though, they don't. The behavior of letting drivers in is maintained by __________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) secondary 
B) positive 
C) intermittent 
D) A, B, and C 
A) secondary 
B) positive 
C) intermittent 
D) A, B, and C

Question 12

The ability to associate stimuli with responses is termed __________.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioning 
B) learning 
C) perception 
D) cognition 
A) conditioning 
B) learning 
C) perception 
D) cognition

Question 13

You laugh out loud during a new automobile insurance commercial. Your laughter in response to the advertisement is a(n) __________; the insurance being advertised is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A) UR; US 
B) UR; CS 
C) CR; US 
D) CR; CR 
A) UR; US 
B) UR; CS 
C) CR; US 
D) CR; CR

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B) Drake no longer cuts class now that his parents confiscated his iPod. 
C) Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D) Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss. 
A) Vanna fastens her seatbelt as soon as she gets in her car to stop the annoying alert sound. 
B) Drake no longer cuts class now that his parents confiscated his iPod. 
C) Maria now buys a different brand of cigarettes to get two packs for the price of one. 
D) Nate no longer arrives late at work following a reprimand from his boss.

Question 15

The term ________ is sometimes used to refer to the difference between the expected rewards and the expected punishments subsequent to a particular decision.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ________ is sometimes used to...

Question 16

Which of the following statements is most true

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment is more effective than positive reinforcement in changing behavior. 
B) Punishment creates longer-lasting changes in behavior than does positive reinforcement. 
C) Punishment may create negative, adversarial relationships. 
D) Punishment is rarely effective in changing behavior 
A) Punishment is more effective than positive reinforcement in changing behavior. 
B) Punishment creates longer-lasting changes in behavior than does positive reinforcement. 
C) Punishment may create negative, adversarial relationships. 
D) Punishment is rarely effective in changing behavior

Question 17

___________ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) Thorndike 
B) Skinner 
C) Pavlov 
D) Watson 
A) Thorndike 
B) Skinner 
C) Pavlov 
D) Watson

Question 18

____________ is self-teaching tool based on the principles of operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Programmed

Question 19

Concerning its effects on liking for a task, the use of reward:

Accepted Answer

A) has variable, unpredictable effects on the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
B) slightly increases the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
C) may reduce the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
D) greatly increases the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
A) has variable, unpredictable effects on the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
B) slightly increases the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
C) may reduce the intrinsic enjoyment of the task 
D) greatly increases the intrinsic enjoyment of the task

Question 20

In classical conditioning, which of the following pairs are most similar

Accepted Answer

A) CS; US 
B) US; UR 
C) CS: CR 
D) UR; CR 
A) CS; US 
B) US; UR 
C) CS: CR 
D) UR; CR

In observational learning, the organism whose behavior is observed is termed the ________.

Alexis uses cocaine, which activates her sympathetic nervous system. Expecting her dealer, her hands shake and her heart pounds. Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus, the CS, and the US

Why might Tolman's latent learning results pose a problem for strict, Skinnerian views of learning

Based on your text's discussion, how might the classical conditioning processes underlying PTSD differ from those operating in more mundane circumstances

How are conditioning, insight, and modeling related, if they are at all

The root of operant conditioning may be traced to ________'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

Ava is wheeling her toddler, Jamie, through the supermarket after a long and tiring day. When Jamie begins to fuss, Ava scolds her sharply and Jamie's fussing subsides. Which of the following statements is most likely true

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a(n) _______ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Which of the following defines negative punishment

Shaping is one way that organisms learn relatively _________ behavior.

On most occasions, drivers you let into your lane acknowledge the favor in some way; sometimes, though, they don't. The behavior of letting drivers in is maintained by __________ reinforcement.

The ability to associate stimuli with responses is termed __________.

You laugh out loud during a new automobile insurance commercial. Your laughter in response to the advertisement is a(n) __; the insurance being advertised is a(n) .

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of positive reinforcement

The term ________ is sometimes used to refer to the difference between the expected rewards and the expected punishments subsequent to a particular decision.

Which of the following statements is most true

___________ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

____________ is self-teaching tool based on the principles of operant conditioning.

Concerning its effects on liking for a task, the use of reward:

In classical conditioning, which of the following pairs are most similar

Introducing Psychology

Psychological Science

Brains, Bodies, and Behavior

Sensing and Perceiving

States of Consciousness

Growing and Developing

Remembering and Judging

Intelligence and Language

Emotions and Motivations

Psychology in Our Social Lives

Personality

Defining Psychological Disorders

Treating Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 7: Learning

In observational learning, the organism whose behavior is observed is termed the ________.

Alexis uses cocaine, which activates her sympathetic nervous system. Expecting her dealer, her hands shake and her heart pounds. Which alternative below correctly identifies the neutral stimulus, the CS, and the US

Why might Tolman's latent learning results pose a problem for strict, Skinnerian views of learning

Based on your text's discussion, how might the classical conditioning processes underlying PTSD differ from those operating in more mundane circumstances

How are conditioning, insight, and modeling related, if they are at all

The root of operant conditioning may be traced to ________'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

Ava is wheeling her toddler, Jamie, through the supermarket after a long and tiring day. When Jamie begins to fuss, Ava scolds her sharply and Jamie's fussing subsides. Which of the following statements is most likely true

In Pavlov's study, the bell is both a(n) _______ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Which of the following defines negative punishment

Shaping is one way that organisms learn relatively _________ behavior.

On most occasions, drivers you let into your lane acknowledge the favor in some way; sometimes, though, they don't. The behavior of letting drivers in is maintained by __________ reinforcement.

The ability to associate stimuli with responses is termed __________.

You laugh out loud during a new automobile insurance commercial. Your laughter in response to the advertisement is a(n) __________; the insurance being advertised is a(n) ________.

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of positive reinforcement

The term ________ is sometimes used to refer to the difference between the expected rewards and the expected punishments subsequent to a particular decision.

Which of the following statements is most true

___________ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

____________ is self-teaching tool based on the principles of operant conditioning.

Concerning its effects on liking for a task, the use of reward:

In classical conditioning, which of the following pairs are most similar

Introducing Psychology

Psychological Science

Brains, Bodies, and Behavior

Sensing and Perceiving

States of Consciousness

Growing and Developing

Remembering and Judging

Intelligence and Language

Emotions and Motivations

Psychology in Our Social Lives

Personality

Defining Psychological Disorders

Treating Psychological Disorders

Filters

You laugh out loud during a new automobile insurance commercial. Your laughter in response to the advertisement is a(n) __; the insurance being advertised is a(n) .