Question 1

The Kubitschek era was characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  a considerable increase in the value of exports and a sharp decline in inflationary pressures. 
B)  a massive increase of foreign investment attracted by generous incentives. 
C)  a large expansion of social welfare programs. 
D)  inadequate attention to the construction of roads and other needed infrastructure. 
A)  a considerable increase in the value of exports and a sharp decline in inflationary pressures. 
B)  a massive increase of foreign investment attracted by generous incentives. 
C)  a large expansion of social welfare programs. 
D)  inadequate attention to the construction of roads and other needed infrastructure. B

Question 2

Berta Lutz was an activist who organized the

Accepted Answer

A)  Brazilian Black Front to demand racial integration of all public places. 
B)  Black Experimental Theater to cultivate African consciousness among blacks. 
C)  Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women to advocate State intervention to protect female labor. 
D)  São Paulo strike that won significant concessions from industrialists and energized the national labor movement. 
A)  Brazilian Black Front to demand racial integration of all public places. 
B)  Black Experimental Theater to cultivate African consciousness among blacks. 
C)  Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women to advocate State intervention to protect female labor. 
D)  São Paulo strike that won significant concessions from industrialists and energized the national labor movement. C

Question 3

The leader of the Tenentes Revolt was

Accepted Answer

A)  Getulio Vargas. 
B)  Berta Lutz. 
C)  Luis Carlos Prestes. 
D)  João Goulart. 
A)  Getulio Vargas. 
B)  Berta Lutz. 
C)  Luis Carlos Prestes. 
D)  João Goulart. C

Question 4

During the war, Brazilian women were

Accepted Answer

A)  a relatively insignificant proportion of the industrial work force. 
B)  largely docile, hostile to labor unions, willing to accept lower wages than men, and deferred to managerial authority. 
C)  very militant because of their paid and unpaid work responsibilities in the factory and in the home. 
D)  limited to household activities and relatively uninterested in asserting their rights. 
A)  a relatively insignificant proportion of the industrial work force. 
B)  largely docile, hostile to labor unions, willing to accept lower wages than men, and deferred to managerial authority. 
C)  very militant because of their paid and unpaid work responsibilities in the factory and in the home. 
D)  limited to household activities and relatively uninterested in asserting their rights.

Question 5

By the late 1950s and early 1960s, Brazilian workers did all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  elect leftist union leaders less inclined to collaborate with industrialists or the state. 
B)  become a more significant political force and expanded their autonomy from state controls. 
C)  increasingly rely on strikes and uncompromising demands for wage hikes to secure their interests. 
D)  elect national and state political leaders whose nationalist programs protected Brazilians from foreign competition. 
A)  elect leftist union leaders less inclined to collaborate with industrialists or the state. 
B)  become a more significant political force and expanded their autonomy from state controls. 
C)  increasingly rely on strikes and uncompromising demands for wage hikes to secure their interests. 
D)  elect national and state political leaders whose nationalist programs protected Brazilians from foreign competition.

Question 6

The military coup that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship was led by

Accepted Answer

A)  Eurico Dutra. 
B)  Luis Carlos Prestes. 
C)  Getulio Varagas. 
D)  Juscelino Kubitschek. 
A)  Eurico Dutra. 
B)  Luis Carlos Prestes. 
C)  Getulio Varagas. 
D)  Juscelino Kubitschek.

Question 7

The Afonso Arinos Act was a rather timid law that nonetheless prohibited

Accepted Answer

A)  gender discrimination. 
B)  racial discrimination in Brazil's "racial democracy." 
C)  discrimination against foreigners. 
D)  discrimination against Jews. 
A)  gender discrimination. 
B)  racial discrimination in Brazil's "racial democracy." 
C)  discrimination against foreigners. 
D)  discrimination against Jews.

Question 8

Blunted by repression and war-time cooptation of union leadership, worker discontent

Accepted Answer

A)  disappeared in the prosperity that flowed from import substitution industrialization. 
B)  gave way to a new era of trade union corruption, quiet cooperation, and class harmony. 
C)  was limited to isolated textile companies that viciously exploited women and child labor. 
D)  expressed itself in popular protest sambas, clandestine factory commissions, and spreading absenteeism. 
A)  disappeared in the prosperity that flowed from import substitution industrialization. 
B)  gave way to a new era of trade union corruption, quiet cooperation, and class harmony. 
C)  was limited to isolated textile companies that viciously exploited women and child labor. 
D)  expressed itself in popular protest sambas, clandestine factory commissions, and spreading absenteeism.

Question 9

Which of the following does not describe the Bossa Nova?

Accepted Answer

A)  It rescued Brazilian national music from the uncontrollable rhythms of the samba. 
B)  It emphasized modernity, personal freedom, and the pursuit of individual pleasure. 
C)  It relied heavily on syncopated jazz rhythms imported from the United States. 
D)  It memorialized the daily struggles of Brazil's popular classes. 
A)  It rescued Brazilian national music from the uncontrollable rhythms of the samba. 
B)  It emphasized modernity, personal freedom, and the pursuit of individual pleasure. 
C)  It relied heavily on syncopated jazz rhythms imported from the United States. 
D)  It memorialized the daily struggles of Brazil's popular classes.

Question 10

Vargas's solutions for the Great Depression centered on

Accepted Answer

A)  abandonment of efforts to rescue coffee from its plight. 
B)  encouragement of foreign investment in Brazil. 
C)  large public works financed through taxes on large estates. 
D)  import substitution through industrialization. 
A)  abandonment of efforts to rescue coffee from its plight. 
B)  encouragement of foreign investment in Brazil. 
C)  large public works financed through taxes on large estates. 
D)  import substitution through industrialization.

Question 11

With respect to the military coup of 1964, the United States

Accepted Answer

A)  displayed strict neutrality. 
B)  protested against the coup as an infringement of democracy. 
C)  gave the military assurances of immediate recognition and support for the new government. 
D)  vacillated in its attitude. 
A)  displayed strict neutrality. 
B)  protested against the coup as an infringement of democracy. 
C)  gave the military assurances of immediate recognition and support for the new government. 
D)  vacillated in its attitude.

Question 12

The "Thirteen Principles" advocated all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  women's suffrage and civil equality. 
B)  the right to birth control and abortion. 
C)  affirmative action in government employment and medical, disability, and retirement insurance. 
D)  equal pay for equal work, a minimum wage, the eight-hour day, and paid maternity leave for working women. 
A)  women's suffrage and civil equality. 
B)  the right to birth control and abortion. 
C)  affirmative action in government employment and medical, disability, and retirement insurance. 
D)  equal pay for equal work, a minimum wage, the eight-hour day, and paid maternity leave for working women.

Question 13

Why was it natural for the revolts of the 1920s to be led by the tenentes, or junior officer class? How did the "long march" influence the reform program of the tenentes?

Accepted Answer

It was natural for the revolts of the 19

Question 14

The junior officers' revolt of the 1920s

Accepted Answer

A)  signaled the origins of a struggle by Brazil's middle class to seize power from the rural oligarchy. 
B)  reflected their belief that only a strong military dictatorship could solve Brazil's social problems. 
C)  reflected their awareness of the crucial importance of the agrarian problem. 
D)  reflected the charismatic appeal of Luís Carlos Prestes. 
A)  signaled the origins of a struggle by Brazil's middle class to seize power from the rural oligarchy. 
B)  reflected their belief that only a strong military dictatorship could solve Brazil's social problems. 
C)  reflected their awareness of the crucial importance of the agrarian problem. 
D)  reflected the charismatic appeal of Luís Carlos Prestes.

Question 15

How did race and class rivalries affect the development of popular culture in Brazil?

Accepted Answer

Race and class rivalries have had a sign

Question 16

Describe the populist strategies pursued by Vargas as he sought to construct an autonomous Brazilian capitalism. Why did these strategies fail?

Accepted Answer

Getúlio Vargas pursued several populist

Question 17

Vargas's suicide

Accepted Answer

A)  foreshadowed the defeat of the populist model of independent capitalist development. 
B)  signaled the rebirth of democracy in Brazil. 
C)  represented a victory for middle-class interests over the fazendeiros. 
D)  paved the way for the establishment of a military dictatorship. 
A)  foreshadowed the defeat of the populist model of independent capitalist development. 
B)  signaled the rebirth of democracy in Brazil. 
C)  represented a victory for middle-class interests over the fazendeiros. 
D)  paved the way for the establishment of a military dictatorship.

Question 18

Originally, the samba drew upon ritualistic African rhythms and dance to

Accepted Answer

A)  mock the customs, attitudes, dress, and beliefs of the aristocracy. 
B)  prepare for the Lenten season of self-sacrifice. 
C)  celebrate the divine power of Ogun. 
D)  deplore wanton sexuality and wild, defiant behavior. 
A)  mock the customs, attitudes, dress, and beliefs of the aristocracy. 
B)  prepare for the Lenten season of self-sacrifice. 
C)  celebrate the divine power of Ogun. 
D)  deplore wanton sexuality and wild, defiant behavior.

Question 19

During World War II, a leading role in opposing the Estado Novo dictatorship was played by

Accepted Answer

A)  trade union leaders and fazendeiros. 
B)  junior military officers and peasants. 
C)  women's rights groups and rank-and-file workers. 
D)  intellectuals and the middle class. 
A)  trade union leaders and fazendeiros. 
B)  junior military officers and peasants. 
C)  women's rights groups and rank-and-file workers. 
D)  intellectuals and the middle class.

Question 20

What factors shaped Brazilian social, economic, and cultural development in the early 20th century and what specific role did women play?

Accepted Answer

In the early 20th century, several facto

The Kubitschek era was characterized by

Berta Lutz was an activist who organized the

The leader of the Tenentes Revolt was

During the war, Brazilian women were

By the late 1950s and early 1960s, Brazilian workers did all of the following except

The military coup that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship was led by

The Afonso Arinos Act was a rather timid law that nonetheless prohibited

Blunted by repression and war-time cooptation of union leadership, worker discontent

Which of the following does not describe the Bossa Nova?

Vargas's solutions for the Great Depression centered on

With respect to the military coup of 1964, the United States

The "Thirteen Principles" advocated all the following except

Why was it natural for the revolts of the 1920s to be led by the tenentes, or junior officer class? How did the "long march" influence the reform program of the tenentes?

The junior officers' revolt of the 1920s

How did race and class rivalries affect the development of popular culture in Brazil?

Describe the populist strategies pursued by Vargas as he sought to construct an autonomous Brazilian capitalism. Why did these strategies fail?

Vargas's suicide

Originally, the samba drew upon ritualistic African rhythms and dance to

During World War II, a leading role in opposing the Estado Novo dictatorship was played by

What factors shaped Brazilian social, economic, and cultural development in the early 20th century and what specific role did women play?

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

Storm Over the Andes: Indigenous Rights and the Corporatist Military Alternative

Chile: The Democratic Socialist Alternative

Twilight of the Tyrants: Revolution and Prolonged Popular War in Central America

Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters

Exam 5: Brazil: Populism and the Struggle for Democracy in a Multiracial Society

The Kubitschek era was characterized by

Berta Lutz was an activist who organized the

The leader of the Tenentes Revolt was

During the war, Brazilian women were

By the late 1950s and early 1960s, Brazilian workers did all of the following except

The military coup that overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship was led by

The Afonso Arinos Act was a rather timid law that nonetheless prohibited

Blunted by repression and war-time cooptation of union leadership, worker discontent

Which of the following does not describe the Bossa Nova?

Vargas's solutions for the Great Depression centered on

With respect to the military coup of 1964, the United States

The "Thirteen Principles" advocated all the following except

Why was it natural for the revolts of the 1920s to be led by the tenentes, or junior officer class? How did the "long march" influence the reform program of the tenentes?

The junior officers' revolt of the 1920s

How did race and class rivalries affect the development of popular culture in Brazil?

Describe the populist strategies pursued by Vargas as he sought to construct an autonomous Brazilian capitalism. Why did these strategies fail?

Vargas's suicide

Originally, the samba drew upon ritualistic African rhythms and dance to

During World War II, a leading role in opposing the Estado Novo dictatorship was played by

What factors shaped Brazilian social, economic, and cultural development in the early 20th century and what specific role did women play?

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

Storm Over the Andes: Indigenous Rights and the Corporatist Military Alternative

Chile: The Democratic Socialist Alternative

Twilight of the Tyrants: Revolution and Prolonged Popular War in Central America

Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters