Question 1

Peru's criollo elite traditionally had preserved its cultural authority and political power by

Accepted Answer

A)  promoting the ideal of mestizaje, a mixed-race society. 
B)  institutionalizing a race-based hierarchy that discriminated against indigenous people. 
C)  celebrating the indigenous traditions of the Inca Empire. 
D)  mobilizing a large, modern, well-equipped military force to ensure order. 
A)  promoting the ideal of mestizaje, a mixed-race society. 
B)  institutionalizing a race-based hierarchy that discriminated against indigenous people. 
C)  celebrating the indigenous traditions of the Inca Empire. 
D)  mobilizing a large, modern, well-equipped military force to ensure order. B

Question 2

Peruvian President García's major departure from orthodox policies in the 1980s was

Accepted Answer

A)  a progressive estate and income tax designed to tap the wealth of the Peruvian elite. 
B)  a limitation of payments on Peru's foreign debt to 10 percent of Peru's export earnings. 
C)  a sharp reduction in military spending. 
D)  a program of nationalization of Peru's textile industry. 
A)  a progressive estate and income tax designed to tap the wealth of the Peruvian elite. 
B)  a limitation of payments on Peru's foreign debt to 10 percent of Peru's export earnings. 
C)  a sharp reduction in military spending. 
D)  a program of nationalization of Peru's textile industry. B

Question 3

The military coup of 1968 was precipitated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Belaúnde's failure to solve the agrarian problem. 
B)  Belaúnde's failure to repress the growing guerrilla movement in the sierra. 
C)  the Pact of Talara with the International Petroleum Company. 
D)  revelations of corruption in the Belaúnde administration. 
A)  Belaúnde's failure to solve the agrarian problem. 
B)  Belaúnde's failure to repress the growing guerrilla movement in the sierra. 
C)  the Pact of Talara with the International Petroleum Company. 
D)  revelations of corruption in the Belaúnde administration. C

Question 4

During the 1970s and 1980s, chicha songs typically

Accepted Answer

A)  explored the everyday lives of poor, hard-working urban provincianos. 
B)  celebrated the cultural traditions of the Andean highlands. 
C)  reinforced modern cultural values imported from the United States. 
D)  memorialized heroic historic indigenous rebellions against criollo culture. 
A)  explored the everyday lives of poor, hard-working urban provincianos. 
B)  celebrated the cultural traditions of the Andean highlands. 
C)  reinforced modern cultural values imported from the United States. 
D)  memorialized heroic historic indigenous rebellions against criollo culture.

Question 5

José Carlos Mariátegui

Accepted Answer

A)  attempted to wed Indianism to the scientific socialism of Marx and Engels. 
B)  believed that the regeneration of Peru must come from Andean indigenous peoples. 
C)  rejected the idea that urban proletarians were the vanguard of coming socialist revolution. 
D)  believed that the Peruvian Revolution had to echo the Russian Revolution. 
A)  attempted to wed Indianism to the scientific socialism of Marx and Engels. 
B)  believed that the regeneration of Peru must come from Andean indigenous peoples. 
C)  rejected the idea that urban proletarians were the vanguard of coming socialist revolution. 
D)  believed that the Peruvian Revolution had to echo the Russian Revolution.

Question 6

A serious weakness of the military's land reform was

Accepted Answer

A)  its failure to benefit the peasant villagers (comuneros). 
B)  its failure to expropriate the big coastal haciendas. 
C)  its acceptance of the family-sized farm as its ideal. 
D)  its willingness to give uneducated peasants responsibility for operating cooperatives. 
A)  its failure to benefit the peasant villagers (comuneros). 
B)  its failure to expropriate the big coastal haciendas. 
C)  its acceptance of the family-sized farm as its ideal. 
D)  its willingness to give uneducated peasants responsibility for operating cooperatives.

Question 7

Manuel González Prada

Accepted Answer

A)  taught that elimination of the hacienda system was key to solving indigenous problems. 
B)  taught that education was the solution for the indigenous problem. 
C)  accepted the view that indigenous peoples were inherently inferior. 
D)  advised the natives to shun violence as a means of redemption. 
A)  taught that elimination of the hacienda system was key to solving indigenous problems. 
B)  taught that education was the solution for the indigenous problem. 
C)  accepted the view that indigenous peoples were inherently inferior. 
D)  advised the natives to shun violence as a means of redemption.

Question 8

A major structural flaw of the Peruvian Revolution was that it

Accepted Answer

A)  gave insufficient incentives for investment to the national capitalists. 
B)  favored the peasantry over the urban working and middle classes. 
C)  represented a revolution from above, with little input from below. 
D)  relied on corrupt military technocrats who lacked managerial know-how. 
A)  gave insufficient incentives for investment to the national capitalists. 
B)  favored the peasantry over the urban working and middle classes. 
C)  represented a revolution from above, with little input from below. 
D)  relied on corrupt military technocrats who lacked managerial know-how.

Question 9

Magda Portal, a pioneer in the women's rights struggle and a founder of APRA, insisted that

Accepted Answer

A)  social justice for the working class was a precondition for women's liberation. 
B)  women deserved political and civil equality with men. 
C)  the working class must provide leadership in Peru's revolutionary struggle. 
D)  women could not be entrusted with the vote because of their dependence on men. 
A)  social justice for the working class was a precondition for women's liberation. 
B)  women deserved political and civil equality with men. 
C)  the working class must provide leadership in Peru's revolutionary struggle. 
D)  women could not be entrusted with the vote because of their dependence on men.

Question 10

Raúl Haya de la Torre

Accepted Answer

A)  taught that imperialism was the first stage of capitalism in Peru. 
B)  rejected the notion that great men make history. 
C)  denied a leading role to the middle class in the Peruvian Revolution. 
D)  never made compromises with Peru's right-wing parties. 
A)  taught that imperialism was the first stage of capitalism in Peru. 
B)  rejected the notion that great men make history. 
C)  denied a leading role to the middle class in the Peruvian Revolution. 
D)  never made compromises with Peru's right-wing parties.

Question 11

The Rumi Maqui movement was an early 20th century

Accepted Answer

A)  indigenous campaign to promote assimilation into creole society. 
B)  millenarian insurrection that sought the restoration of the fabled Inca Empire. 
C)  working class effort to raise wages and improve working conditions. 
D)  rebellion by middle-class women who demanded civil and political equality. 
A)  indigenous campaign to promote assimilation into creole society. 
B)  millenarian insurrection that sought the restoration of the fabled Inca Empire. 
C)  working class effort to raise wages and improve working conditions. 
D)  rebellion by middle-class women who demanded civil and political equality.

Question 12

Under U.S. pressure, the revolutionary government of Bolivia's Paz Estenssoro agreed to

Accepted Answer

A)  restore a U.S.-trained army to offset the strength of worker and peasant militias. 
B)  compensate former owners for expropriated mines. 
C)  hold fair and honest elections monitored by international observers. 
D)  ban the Communist party and communist-led unions. 
A)  restore a U.S.-trained army to offset the strength of worker and peasant militias. 
B)  compensate former owners for expropriated mines. 
C)  hold fair and honest elections monitored by international observers. 
D)  ban the Communist party and communist-led unions.

Question 13

The Leguía regime

Accepted Answer

A)  regarded foreign loans as the cornerstone of its economic policies. 
B)  sponsored a sweeping land-reform program in the Andes. 
C)  used a large portion of the state's revenues to raise the living standards of the masses. 
D)  promoted import substitution through industrialization. 
A)  regarded foreign loans as the cornerstone of its economic policies. 
B)  sponsored a sweeping land-reform program in the Andes. 
C)  used a large portion of the state's revenues to raise the living standards of the masses. 
D)  promoted import substitution through industrialization.

Question 14

Which of the following was not a characteristic feature of indigenous Andean theater?

Accepted Answer

A)  music and dance 
B)  puppets 
C)  masks 
D)  mime 
A)  music and dance 
B)  puppets 
C)  masks 
D)  mime

Question 15

Which of the following did not influence the development of chicha music?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cumbia rhythms whose origins lay in Afro-Colombian cultural traditions. 
B)  Syncopated jazz rhythms imported from the United States. 
C)  Folk melodies indigenous to the Andean highlands. 
D)  U.S. and British rock n' roll. 
A)  Cumbia rhythms whose origins lay in Afro-Colombian cultural traditions. 
B)  Syncopated jazz rhythms imported from the United States. 
C)  Folk melodies indigenous to the Andean highlands. 
D)  U.S. and British rock n' roll.

Question 16

A major failure of the Ecuadorian land reform in the 1970s was its stress on

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanization and concentration of land ownership rather than redistribution. 
B)  creating microfundios to promote peasant subsistence production. 
C)  development of state farms that offered peasants no incentives to produce. 
D)  distribution of land to indigenous communities uninterested in commercial production. 
A)  mechanization and concentration of land ownership rather than redistribution. 
B)  creating microfundios to promote peasant subsistence production. 
C)  development of state farms that offered peasants no incentives to produce. 
D)  distribution of land to indigenous communities uninterested in commercial production.

Question 17

Although unintended, one result of the 1968 Revolution's nationalist ideology was

Accepted Answer

A)  a consolidation of political power in working class trade union organizations. 
B)  popular political mobilization and artistic explorations of indigenous and African roots. 
C)  increasing public political support for the policies of neoliberalism. 
D)  a decline in the power of highland community indigenous identities. 
A)  a consolidation of political power in working class trade union organizations. 
B)  popular political mobilization and artistic explorations of indigenous and African roots. 
C)  increasing public political support for the policies of neoliberalism. 
D)  a decline in the power of highland community indigenous identities.

Question 18

Which of the following was not part of the 1974 Plan Inca that feminists like Virginia Vargas pressured the military to adopt?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protective legislation for women workers to limit their hours and abolish night work. 
B)  Civil and political equality for women. 
C)  Affirmative action in public employment. 
D)  Rural education programs. 
A)  Protective legislation for women workers to limit their hours and abolish night work. 
B)  Civil and political equality for women. 
C)  Affirmative action in public employment. 
D)  Rural education programs.

Question 19

Bolivia's twentieth-century development was undermined by the

Accepted Answer

A)  disastrous defeat in the Chaco War. 
B)  series of military dictatorships that followed World War II. 
C)  loss of its Pacific seaport in the War of the Triple Alliance. 
D)  refusal of its indigenous majority to work for national unity. 
A)  disastrous defeat in the Chaco War. 
B)  series of military dictatorships that followed World War II. 
C)  loss of its Pacific seaport in the War of the Triple Alliance. 
D)  refusal of its indigenous majority to work for national unity.

Question 20

Andean efforts to promote national development were distinguished by the roles played by

Accepted Answer

A)  indigenous people and military officers. 
B)  creole elites and foreigners. 
C)  large landowners and industrialists. 
D)  Marxists and Catholics. 
A)  indigenous people and military officers. 
B)  creole elites and foreigners. 
C)  large landowners and industrialists. 
D)  Marxists and Catholics.

Peru's criollo elite traditionally had preserved its cultural authority and political power by

Peruvian President García's major departure from orthodox policies in the 1980s was

The military coup of 1968 was precipitated by

During the 1970s and 1980s, chicha songs typically

José Carlos Mariátegui

A serious weakness of the military's land reform was

Manuel González Prada

A major structural flaw of the Peruvian Revolution was that it

Magda Portal, a pioneer in the women's rights struggle and a founder of APRA, insisted that

Raúl Haya de la Torre

The Rumi Maqui movement was an early 20^th century

Under U.S. pressure, the revolutionary government of Bolivia's Paz Estenssoro agreed to

The Leguía regime

Which of the following was not a characteristic feature of indigenous Andean theater?

Which of the following did not influence the development of chicha music?

A major failure of the Ecuadorian land reform in the 1970s was its stress on

Although unintended, one result of the 1968 Revolution's nationalist ideology was

Which of the following was not part of the 1974 Plan Inca that feminists like Virginia Vargas pressured the military to adopt?

Bolivia's twentieth-century development was undermined by the

Andean efforts to promote national development were distinguished by the roles played by

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The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

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Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

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Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters

Exam 8: Storm Over the Andes: Indigenous Rights and the Corporatist Military Alternative

Peru's criollo elite traditionally had preserved its cultural authority and political power by

Peruvian President García's major departure from orthodox policies in the 1980s was

The military coup of 1968 was precipitated by

During the 1970s and 1980s, chicha songs typically

José Carlos Mariátegui

A serious weakness of the military's land reform was

Manuel González Prada

A major structural flaw of the Peruvian Revolution was that it

Magda Portal, a pioneer in the women's rights struggle and a founder of APRA, insisted that

Raúl Haya de la Torre

The Rumi Maqui movement was an early 20th century

Under U.S. pressure, the revolutionary government of Bolivia's Paz Estenssoro agreed to

The Leguía regime

Which of the following was not a characteristic feature of indigenous Andean theater?

Which of the following did not influence the development of chicha music?

A major failure of the Ecuadorian land reform in the 1970s was its stress on

Although unintended, one result of the 1968 Revolution's nationalist ideology was

Which of the following was not part of the 1974 Plan Inca that feminists like Virginia Vargas pressured the military to adopt?

Bolivia's twentieth-century development was undermined by the

Andean efforts to promote national development were distinguished by the roles played by

Decolonization and the Search for National Identities, 1821-1870

Race, Nation, and the Meaning of Freedom, 1821-1888

The Triumph of Neocolonialism and the Liberal State, 1870-1900

Forging a New Nation: the Mexican Revolution and the Populist Challenge

Brazil: Populism and the Struggle for Democracy in a Multiracial Society

Argentina: Populism, the Military, and the Struggle for Democracy

Cuba: The Revolutionary Socialist Alternative to Populism

Chile: The Democratic Socialist Alternative

Twilight of the Tyrants: Revolution and Prolonged Popular War in Central America

Lands of Bolívar: Military Crisis, State Repression, and Popular Democracy

Deconstructing the State: Dictatorship and Neoliberal Markets

Transcending Neoliberalism: Electoral Engaños and Popular Resistance to the Dictatorship of Markets

The Two Americas: United States-Latin American Relations

Filters

The Rumi Maqui movement was an early 20^th century