Question 1

Use the figure to answer the question.   Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for the amino acid carried by the aminoacyl-tRNA represented in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-UGG-3′ 
B)  3′-GUG-5′ 
C)  5′-GUA-3′ 
D)  5′-UUC-3′ 
A)  5′-UGG-3′ 
B)  3′-GUG-5′ 
C)  5′-GUA-3′ 
D)  5′-UUC-3′

Question 2

Translation termination occurs when a ribosome interacts with which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the end of the mRNA molecule. 
B)  a stop codon 
C)  the 5′ cap 
D)  the poly-A tail 
A)  the end of the mRNA molecule. 
B)  a stop codon 
C)  the 5′ cap 
D)  the poly-A tail

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of a signal peptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  It directs an mRNA molecule into the lumen of the ER. 
B)  It terminates translation of messenger RNA. 
C)  It helps target a protein to the ER. 
D)  It signals the initiation of transcription. 
A)  It directs an mRNA molecule into the lumen of the ER. 
B)  It terminates translation of messenger RNA. 
C)  It helps target a protein to the ER. 
D)  It signals the initiation of transcription.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of a codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  It never codes for the same amino acid as another codon. 
B)  It can code for more than one amino acid. 
C)  It can be either in DNA or in RNA. 
D)  It is the basic unit of protein structure. 
A)  It never codes for the same amino acid as another codon. 
B)  It can code for more than one amino acid. 
C)  It can be either in DNA or in RNA. 
D)  It is the basic unit of protein structure.

Question 5

Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  removing introns from pre-RNA 
B)  simultaneous transcription and translation of the same mRNA 
C)  translation in the absence of a ribosome 
D)  translocation into the ER 
A)  removing introns from pre-RNA 
B)  simultaneous transcription and translation of the same mRNA 
C)  translation in the absence of a ribosome 
D)  translocation into the ER

Question 6

Use this model of a eukaryotic primary transcript to answer the following question.
E = exon and I = intron
5′-UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR-3′
If the primary transcript is processed and transported to the cytosol, which of the following molecules best represents the mRNA that will be produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-UTR I1 I2 I3 UTR-3′ 
B)  5′-E1 E2 E3 E4-3′ 
C)  5′-UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR-3′ 
D)  5′-E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4-3′ 
A)  5′-UTR I1 I2 I3 UTR-3′ 
B)  5′-E1 E2 E3 E4-3′ 
C)  5′-UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR-3′ 
D)  5′-E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4-3′

Question 7

According to the central dogma, which of the following intermediate molecules correctly completes the flow chart describing the flow of information in a cell blank?
DNA → ________ → Proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes 
B)  rRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  tRNA 
A)  enzymes 
B)  rRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  tRNA

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics of gene expression is shared by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Translation occurs before transcription. 
B)  Transcription of an mRNA is temporally separated from its translation. 
C)  Ribosomes attach to the plasma membrane when producing secreted proteins. 
D)  Signal sequences are needed for the production of membrane proteins. 
A)  Translation occurs before transcription. 
B)  Transcription of an mRNA is temporally separated from its translation. 
C)  Ribosomes attach to the plasma membrane when producing secreted proteins. 
D)  Signal sequences are needed for the production of membrane proteins.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the recognition site for the binding of a specific transcription factor. 
B)  It sets the reading frame of the mRNA during translation. 
C)  It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during translation. 
D)  It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during transcription. 
A)  It is the recognition site for the binding of a specific transcription factor. 
B)  It sets the reading frame of the mRNA during translation. 
C)  It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during translation. 
D)  It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding during transcription.

Question 10

Which of the following properties is associated with a protein that will be secreted from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be translated by a ribosome that remains free within the cytosol. 
B)  Its signal sequence must target it to the ER. 
C)  Its signal sequence must be cleaved off as the polypeptide enters the ER. 
D)  Its signal sequence must target it to the plasma membrane. 
A)  It must be translated by a ribosome that remains free within the cytosol. 
B)  Its signal sequence must target it to the ER. 
C)  Its signal sequence must be cleaved off as the polypeptide enters the ER. 
D)  Its signal sequence must target it to the plasma membrane.

Question 11

A section of DNA has the base sequence shown in #1. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence shown in #2. What type of mutation does this change represent?
#1 5' - AGCGTTACCGT-3'
#2 5'-AGGCGTTACCGT-3'

Accepted Answer

A)  a missense mutation 
B)  a point mutation 
C)  a silent mutation 
D)  frameshift mutation 
A)  a missense mutation 
B)  a point mutation 
C)  a silent mutation 
D)  frameshift mutation

Question 12

Which of the following is true of RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

A)  exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus 
B)  nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA 
C)  ribozymes may function in the addition of a 5' cap 
D)  RNA splicing adds a poly-A tail to the mRNA 
A)  exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus 
B)  nucleotides are added at both ends of the RNA 
C)  ribozymes may function in the addition of a 5' cap 
D)  RNA splicing adds a poly-A tail to the mRNA

Question 13

Which of the following molecules directly participates in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA, tRNA, DNA, and rRNA 
B)  mRNA, DNA, and rRNA 
C)  mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA 
D)  mRNA, tRNA, and DNA 
A)  mRNA, tRNA, DNA, and rRNA 
B)  mRNA, DNA, and rRNA 
C)  mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA 
D)  mRNA, tRNA, and DNA

Question 14

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  anticodons 
B)  ribosomes and tRNA 
C)  transcription factors 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 
A)  anticodons 
B)  ribosomes and tRNA 
C)  transcription factors 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 15

Accuracy in translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  binding of ribosomes to the mRNA 
B)  binding of the anticodon to small subunit of the ribosome 
C)  attachment of amino acid's carboxyl group with the amine of the next amino acid. 
D)  attachment of amino acids to tRNAs 
A)  binding of ribosomes to the mRNA 
B)  binding of the anticodon to small subunit of the ribosome 
C)  attachment of amino acid's carboxyl group with the amine of the next amino acid. 
D)  attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

Question 16

Which component is directly involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  ribosome 
C)  spliceosome 
D)  DNA 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  ribosome 
C)  spliceosome 
D)  DNA

Question 17

Which of the following statements about RNA processing is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exons are removed before mRNA leaves the nucleus. 
B)  Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing. 
C)  RNA splicing can be catalyzed by tRNA. 
D)  A primary transcript is often much shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus. 
A)  Exons are removed before mRNA leaves the nucleus. 
B)  Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing. 
C)  RNA splicing can be catalyzed by tRNA. 
D)  A primary transcript is often much shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase. 
B)  RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript. 
C)  Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the chromosome and releases. 
D)  RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing through the gene and release the mRNA. 
A)  RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase. 
B)  RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript. 
C)  Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the chromosome and releases. 
D)  RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing through the gene and release the mRNA.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic 
B)  a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein 
C)  a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional RNA or polypeptide product 
D)  a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids 
A)  a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic 
B)  a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein 
C)  a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional RNA or polypeptide product 
D)  a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids

Question 20

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon 
B)  complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA 
C)  the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid 
D)  catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme 
A)  complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon 
B)  complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA 
C)  the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid 
D)  catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme

Exam 17: Expression of Genes

Use the figure to answer the question. Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for the amino acid carried by the aminoacyl-tRNA represented in the figure?

Translation termination occurs when a ribosome interacts with which of the following structures?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of a signal peptide?

Which of the following is true of a codon?

Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

Use this model of a eukaryotic primary transcript to answer the following question. E = exon and I = intron 5′-UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR-3′ If the primary transcript is processed and transported to the cytosol, which of the following molecules best represents the mRNA that will be produced?

According to the central dogma, which of the following intermediate molecules correctly completes the flow chart describing the flow of information in a cell blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

Which of the following characteristics of gene expression is shared by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Which of the following properties is associated with a protein that will be secreted from a eukaryotic cell?

A section of DNA has the base sequence shown in #1. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence shown in #2. What type of mutation does this change represent? #1 5' - AGCGTTACCGT-3' #2 5'-AGGCGTTACCGT-3'

Which of the following is true of RNA processing?

Which of the following molecules directly participates in the process of translation?

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following molecules in addition to RNA polymerase?

Accuracy in translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Which component is directly involved in translation?

Which of the following statements about RNA processing is correct?

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is ________.

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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