Question 1

Select the processes that are matched with the incorrect amount of ATP produced by that process per glucose molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis-2 ATP (net) 
B)  citric acid cycle-4 ATP 
C)  electron transport chain-32 ATP 
D)  alcohol fermentation-2 ATP 
E)  lactate fermentation-2 ATP 
A)  glycolysis-2 ATP (net) 
B)  citric acid cycle-4 ATP 
C)  electron transport chain-32 ATP 
D)  alcohol fermentation-2 ATP 
E)  lactate fermentation-2 ATP B

Question 2

Describe how cells can regulate aerobic respiration at the level of the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate as catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK).

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: PFK can be inhibited by feedback inhibition by excess ATP; PFK can be activated by high levels of ADP and AMP.

Question 3

The chemical reaction illustrated in the figure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the first step in the citric acid cycle. 
B)  the energy investing phase of glycolysis. 
C)  fermentation. 
D)  part of the electron transport chain. 
E)  the energy capture phase of glycolysis. 
A)  the first step in the citric acid cycle. 
B)  the energy investing phase of glycolysis. 
C)  fermentation. 
D)  part of the electron transport chain. 
E)  the energy capture phase of glycolysis. E

Question 4

In chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through:

Accepted Answer

A)  the outer mitochondrial membrane. 
B)  ATP synthase. 
C)  ATP dehydrogenase. 
D)  ATP decarboxylase. 
E)  a series of electron carriers. 
A)  the outer mitochondrial membrane. 
B)  ATP synthase. 
C)  ATP dehydrogenase. 
D)  ATP decarboxylase. 
E)  a series of electron carriers.

Question 5

In glycolysis, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate splits, forming two molecules of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP. 
B)  citric acid. 
C)  G3P. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  acetyl CoA. 
A)  ADP. 
B)  citric acid. 
C)  G3P. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  acetyl CoA.

Question 6

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fermentation. 
B)  the electron transport chain. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. 
E)  the citric acid cycle. 
A)  fermentation. 
B)  the electron transport chain. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. 
E)  the citric acid cycle.

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the stage of cellular respiration with the correct process.
a.citric acid cycle
c.electron transport and chemiosmosis
b.glycolysis
d.formation of acetyl CoA
-Pyruvate is an endproduct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the stage of cellular respiration with...

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria by the complexes of the electron transport chain. 
B)  The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. 
C)  The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. 
D)  The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. 
E)  ATP synthesis associated with the electron transport chain is an example of substrate level phosphorylation. 
A)  Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria by the complexes of the electron transport chain. 
B)  The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. 
C)  The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. 
D)  The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. 
E)  ATP synthesis associated with the electron transport chain is an example of substrate level phosphorylation.

Question 9

In the process of aerobic respiration, nitrate can function as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is chemiosmosis, and how is it used to synthesize ATP? Use the following terms in your explanation: inner mitochondria membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endergonic, exergonic, ADP, Pi, and NADH/FADH2.

Accepted Answer

In chemiosmosis, the exergonic flow of e

Question 11

Phosphofructokinase is stimulated by high levels of ATP.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

If yeast cells are incubated under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate they produce is converted to lactate.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Oxidative decarboxylation of two pyruvates yields:

Accepted Answer

A)  2 glucose molecules. 
B)  2 ATP + 4 CO2 + 2 NADH. 
C)  2 G3P. 
D)  2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH. 
E)  1 fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate. 
A)  2 glucose molecules. 
B)  2 ATP + 4 CO2 + 2 NADH. 
C)  2 G3P. 
D)  2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH. 
E)  1 fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate.

Question 14

In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP is produced by dephosphorylation of ATP. 
B)  glucose is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
C)  G3P is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
D)  ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP. 
E)  pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA. 
A)  ADP is produced by dephosphorylation of ATP. 
B)  glucose is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
C)  G3P is produced from phosphorylation of ADP. 
D)  ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP. 
E)  pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA.

Question 15

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are produced.
__________________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One product of the initial (first) reaction of the citric acid cycle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  citrate. 
D)  oxaloacetate. 
E)  acetyl-CoA. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  citrate. 
D)  oxaloacetate. 
E)  acetyl-CoA.

Question 17

In the skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates, as many as __________ molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose.This is less than might be expected, because electrons from NADH produced during glycolysis must be shuttled through the __________ mitochondrial membrane at a cost.

Accepted Answer

A)  2; outer 
B)  2; inner 
C)  38; inner 
D)  6; outer 
E)  36; inner 
A)  2; outer 
B)  2; inner 
C)  38; inner 
D)  6; outer 
E)  36; inner

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not correct about lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is inefficient compared to aerobic respiration. 
B)  It uses glucose as a substrate. 
C)  It produces two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule. 
D)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway. 
E)  Glycolysis is the only energy-yielding step of this pathway. 
A)  It is inefficient compared to aerobic respiration. 
B)  It uses glucose as a substrate. 
C)  It produces two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule. 
D)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor of this pathway. 
E)  Glycolysis is the only energy-yielding step of this pathway.

Question 19

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  formation of acetyl CoA 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  electron transport 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  formation of acetyl CoA 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  electron transport

Question 20

NADH is formed when NAD+ accepts:

Accepted Answer

A)  a proton. 
B)  a hydrogen atom. 
C)  a pair of protons and an electron. 
D)  a proton and a pair of electrons. 
E)  two hydrogen atoms. 
A)  a proton. 
B)  a hydrogen atom. 
C)  a pair of protons and an electron. 
D)  a proton and a pair of electrons. 
E)  two hydrogen atoms.

Exam 8: How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Select the processes that are matched with the incorrect amount of ATP produced by that process per glucose molecule.

Describe how cells can regulate aerobic respiration at the level of the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate as catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK).

The chemical reaction illustrated in the figure is:

In chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through:

In glycolysis, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate splits, forming two molecules of:

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:

MATCHING Match the stage of cellular respiration with the correct process. a.citric acid cycle c.electron transport and chemiosmosis b.glycolysis d.formation of acetyl CoA -Pyruvate is an endproduct.

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

In the process of aerobic respiration, nitrate can function as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. __________________

What is chemiosmosis, and how is it used to synthesize ATP? Use the following terms in your explanation: inner mitochondria membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endergonic, exergonic, ADP, Pi, and NADH/FADH2.

Phosphofructokinase is stimulated by high levels of ATP. __________________

If yeast cells are incubated under anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate they produce is converted to lactate. __________________

Oxidative decarboxylation of two pyruvates yields:

In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which:

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are produced. __________________

One product of the initial (first) reaction of the citric acid cycle is:

In the skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates, as many as __________ molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose.This is less than might be expected, because electrons from NADH produced during glycolysis must be shuttled through the __________ mitochondrial membrane at a cost.

Which of the following statements is not correct about lactic acid fermentation?

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration of glucose?

NADH is formed when NAD+ accepts:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO₂ by the end of:

What is chemiosmosis, and how is it used to synthesize ATP? Use the following terms in your explanation: inner mitochondria membrane, mitochondrial matrix, endergonic, exergonic, ADP, P_i, and NADH/FADH₂.

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO₂ molecules are produced. __________________

In the skeletal muscle cells of vertebrates, as many as molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose.This is less than might be expected, because electrons from NADH produced during glycolysis must be shuttled through the mitochondrial membrane at a cost.

NADH is formed when NAD⁺ accepts: