Question 1

Alloploidy provides a mechanism for slow speciation.
________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Reproductive isolation mechanisms that prevent fertilization are termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  energetic barriers. 
B)  biological barriers. 
C)  postzygotic barriers. 
D)  ecological barriers. 
E)  prezygotic barriers. 
A)  energetic barriers. 
B)  biological barriers. 
C)  postzygotic barriers. 
D)  ecological barriers. 
E)  prezygotic barriers. E

Question 3

MATCHING
Match the following terms with their description
a.accounts for the abrupt appearance of new species in the fossil record in absence of transitional fosssils
d.contains multiple sets of chromosomes from 2 or more species
b.species with a inheritable unique diagnostic trait
e.the possession of more than 2 genomes
c.speciation results from their divergence in genetic composition
-Describe how continental drift resulting in Australia being isolated in the South Pacific contributed to biological species evolution.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: The breakup of Pangaea as a result of continental drift led to drifting apart major portions of once connected land masses.In Pangaea, areas of geological activity such as volcanism and land features like rivers, lakes, and mountains would have potentially kept populations isolated and species would have evolved accordingly.The initial pattern of plant and animal distribution would be different and dependent upon their location with respect to the original land mass.However, over the course of time these isolated populations would be exposed to new environmental conditions leading to adaptive radiation and biological speciation.

Question 4

Which of the following groups of organisms demonstrated a sudden appearance in the fossil record and continues to exhibit remarkable diversity today?

Accepted Answer

A)  ferns and mosses 
B)  fungi 
C)  algae 
D)  flowering plants 
E)  pines 
A)  ferns and mosses 
B)  fungi 
C)  algae 
D)  flowering plants 
E)  pines

Question 5

Figure 20-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-The most common outcome of the process in Figure 20-1 is no viable gametes.This happens because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a low rate of fertilization. 
B)  defective meiosis. 
C)  gametic isolation. 
D)  species incompatibility. 
E)  hybrid inviability. 
A)  a low rate of fertilization. 
B)  defective meiosis. 
C)  gametic isolation. 
D)  species incompatibility. 
E)  hybrid inviability.

Question 6

Reinforcement is an evolutionary process that occurs in a hybrid zone in which parental species adapt to two different communities, and the hybrids thrive in an area of transition between the parental communities.
_______

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the following terms with their description
a.accounts for the abrupt appearance of new species in the fossil record in absence of transitional fosssils
d.contains multiple sets of chromosomes from 2 or more species
b.species with a inheritable unique diagnostic trait
e.the possession of more than 2 genomes
c.speciation results from their divergence in genetic composition
-gene pools

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the following terms with their description
a.accounts...

Question 8

Hybrid sterility is NOT common when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the gametes of an interspecific hybrid are abnormal. 
B)  the two parental species have different chromosome numbers. 
C)  chromosomal synapsis during meiosis cannot occur properly. 
D)  chromosomal segregation during meiosis cannot occur properly. 
E)  there are prezygotic barriers. 
A)  the gametes of an interspecific hybrid are abnormal. 
B)  the two parental species have different chromosome numbers. 
C)  chromosomal synapsis during meiosis cannot occur properly. 
D)  chromosomal segregation during meiosis cannot occur properly. 
E)  there are prezygotic barriers.

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the following terms with their description
a.accounts for the abrupt appearance of new species in the fossil record in absence of transitional fosssils
d.contains multiple sets of chromosomes from 2 or more species
b.species with a inheritable unique diagnostic trait
e.the possession of more than 2 genomes
c.speciation results from their divergence in genetic composition
-alloploidy

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Match the following terms with their description
a.accounts...

Question 10

The continuous, low-level extinction rate of species is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal extinction. 
B)  mass extinction. 
C)  background extinction. 
D)  temporal extinction. 
E)  selective extinction. 
A)  minimal extinction. 
B)  mass extinction. 
C)  background extinction. 
D)  temporal extinction. 
E)  selective extinction.

Question 11

The biological species concept declares an organism to be a separate species if it has undergone evolution long enough for the emergence of statistically unique traits.
_____________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

It is hypothesized that the high diversity of rock-dwelling species within the cichlids is due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  allopolyploidy. 
B)  poor water quality. 
C)  polyploidy coloration. 
D)  disruptive sexual selection. 
E)  macroevolution. 
A)  allopolyploidy. 
B)  poor water quality. 
C)  polyploidy coloration. 
D)  disruptive sexual selection. 
E)  macroevolution.

Question 13

When the reproductive cells of different species are incompatible and cannot accomplish fertilization, it is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral isolation. 
B)  gametic isolation. 
C)  hybrid breakdown. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  hybrid sterility. 
A)  behavioral isolation. 
B)  gametic isolation. 
C)  hybrid breakdown. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  hybrid sterility.

Question 14

Polyploidy is much more common in:

Accepted Answer

A)  animals than in plants. 
B)  plants than in animals. 
C)  primates than in humans. 
D)  humans than in plants. 
E)  prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. 
A)  animals than in plants. 
B)  plants than in animals. 
C)  primates than in humans. 
D)  humans than in plants. 
E)  prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

Question 15

What process refers to dramatic phenotypic changes that sometimes occur in evolution, such as the appearance of feathered wings during the evolution of birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  paedomorphosis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  macroevolution 
D)  allopolyploidy 
E)  microevolution 
A)  paedomorphosis 
B)  gradualism 
C)  macroevolution 
D)  allopolyploidy 
E)  microevolution

Question 16

Figure 20-2
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).  
-In Figure 20-2, the variation observed in these closely related birds is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  allometric radiation. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  hybrid inviability. 
E)  hybridization. 
A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  allometric radiation. 
C)  macroevolution. 
D)  hybrid inviability. 
E)  hybridization.

Question 17

The two most important factors that appear to have been involved in past mass extinctions are:

Accepted Answer

A)  fire and climatic factors. 
B)  disease and parasites. 
C)  glaciers and earthquakes. 
D)  environmental and biological factors. 
E)  plate tectonics and climatic factors. 
A)  fire and climatic factors. 
B)  disease and parasites. 
C)  glaciers and earthquakes. 
D)  environmental and biological factors. 
E)  plate tectonics and climatic factors.

Question 18

Scientists supporting phyletic gradualism explain any period of stasis in the fossil record as stabilizing selection.
___________

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Mules are an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid breakdown. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  hybrid sterility. 
D)  macroevolution. 
E)  microevolution. 
A)  hybrid breakdown. 
B)  hybrid inviability. 
C)  hybrid sterility. 
D)  macroevolution. 
E)  microevolution.

Question 20

The evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  allometric growth. 
B)  preadaptations. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  microevolution. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  allometric growth. 
B)  preadaptations. 
C)  adaptive radiation. 
D)  microevolution. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Exam 20: Speciation and Macroevolution

Alloploidy provides a mechanism for slow speciation. ________

Reproductive isolation mechanisms that prevent fertilization are termed:

Which of the following groups of organisms demonstrated a sudden appearance in the fossil record and continues to exhibit remarkable diversity today?

Figure 20-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -The most common outcome of the process in Figure 20-1 is no viable gametes.This happens because of:

Reinforcement is an evolutionary process that occurs in a hybrid zone in which parental species adapt to two different communities, and the hybrids thrive in an area of transition between the parental communities. _______

Hybrid sterility is NOT common when:

The continuous, low-level extinction rate of species is referred to as:

The biological species concept declares an organism to be a separate species if it has undergone evolution long enough for the emergence of statistically unique traits. _____________

It is hypothesized that the high diversity of rock-dwelling species within the cichlids is due to:

When the reproductive cells of different species are incompatible and cannot accomplish fertilization, it is referred to as:

Polyploidy is much more common in:

What process refers to dramatic phenotypic changes that sometimes occur in evolution, such as the appearance of feathered wings during the evolution of birds?

Figure 20-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). -In Figure 20-2, the variation observed in these closely related birds is an example of:

The two most important factors that appear to have been involved in past mass extinctions are:

Scientists supporting phyletic gradualism explain any period of stasis in the fossil record as stabilizing selection. ___________

Mules are an example of:

The evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time is referred to as:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

Dna: the Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

Dna Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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