Exam 40: Maintaining the Internal Environment

A kidney dialysis machine

The antidiuretic hormone

Maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular fluid is an essential aspect of __________.

MATCHING Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule d.animals with more or less constant body temperature e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules g.loss of too much body heat h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries j. a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes l. secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption m. passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries n. heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals p. toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin -evaporation

MATCHING Matching.Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a.do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat production b.heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form c.bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule d.animals with more or less constant body temperature e.emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than the body temperature f.movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules g.loss of too much body heat h.heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents i.active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular capillaries j. a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine k.body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes l. secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption m. passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron into peritubular capillaries n. heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions between adjacent molecules o.released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals p. toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended in a warm-water bath q.erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin -tubular reabsorption

Kidney __________ are small, tubular structures that interact with nearby capillaries to form urine.

Long-term exposure to cold can alter metabolism and encourage __________ in which brown adipose tissue produces heat.

The process during which potassium and hydrogen ions, penicillin, and some toxic substances are put into the urine by active transport is

Use the figure above to answer the following questions. -The region where filtration occurs is indicated by

Cartilaginous fishes retain __________ in their body, so they do not lose or gain water by osmosis.

In humans, the thirst center is located in the

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. a.Bowman's capsule b.proximal tubule c.descending portion of loop of Henle d.distal tubule -Permeability to water is regulated by antidiuretic hormone in this structure.

Endothermic animals

In reabsorption

The urinary system helps to maintain the extracellular fluid pH by

The primary thermostat of the body is located in the

In freshwater sponges and other simple freshwater animals, water flows into the body by __________.

__________ and __________ fluid are the main components of extracellular fluid.

Classification.Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed below. a.Bowman's capsule b.proximal tubule c.descending portion of loop of Henle d.distal tubule -This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.

Which of the following does NOT influence the pH of extracellular fluids?