Question 1

Gamma ranges from

Accepted Answer

A)  0.00 to 1.00 
B)  1.00 to 100 
C)  0.00 to -1.00 
D)  -1.00 to +1.00 
A)  0.00 to 1.00 
B)  1.00 to 100 
C)  0.00 to -1.00 
D)  -1.00 to +1.00 D

Question 2

Lambda is a PRE measure that is used when variables are measured at the

Accepted Answer

A)  nominal level 
B)  ordinal level 
C)  interval-ratio level 
D)  any of the above 
A)  nominal level 
B)  ordinal level 
C)  interval-ratio level 
D)  any of the above A

Question 3

Tests of significance tell us if our results are non-random. To investigate the strength and direction of relationships, we must use

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi square tests 
B)  ANOVA 
C)  percentages 
D)  measures of association 
A)  Chi square tests 
B)  ANOVA 
C)  percentages 
D)  measures of association D

Question 4

If there is an association between two variables,

Accepted Answer

A)  the scores of the cases are approximately equal 
B)  the distributions of the scores approach normality 
C)  all of the scores are in the same row in the bivariate table 
D)  the conditional distributions of Y change 
A)  the scores of the cases are approximately equal 
B)  the distributions of the scores approach normality 
C)  all of the scores are in the same row in the bivariate table 
D)  the conditional distributions of Y change

Question 5

If there is a positive association between two variables,

Accepted Answer

A)  as one variable increases in value, the other also increases 
B)  as one variable decreases in value, the other increases 
C)  the researcher can be certain of his conclusions 
D)  neither variable can decrease 
A)  as one variable increases in value, the other also increases 
B)  as one variable decreases in value, the other increases 
C)  the researcher can be certain of his conclusions 
D)  neither variable can decrease

Question 6

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology, then ___________ is the independent variable and ___________ is dependent.

Accepted Answer

A)  class … ideology 
B)  ideology … class 
C)  person … ideology 
D)  information is not sufficient to tell which is independent and which dependent 
A)  class … ideology 
B)  ideology … class 
C)  person … ideology 
D)  information is not sufficient to tell which is independent and which dependent

Question 7

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals

Accepted Answer

A)  prediction and forecasting 
B)  understanding causation and measuring concepts 
C)  prediction and correlation 
D)  prediction and understanding causation 
A)  prediction and forecasting 
B)  understanding causation and measuring concepts 
C)  prediction and correlation 
D)  prediction and understanding causation

Question 8

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called

Accepted Answer

A)  associated categories 
B)  the distribution correlation 
C)  the conditional distribution of Y 
D)  the marginal response category 
A)  associated categories 
B)  the distribution correlation 
C)  the conditional distribution of Y 
D)  the marginal response category

Question 9

Measures of association

Accepted Answer

A)  increase our understanding of causal relationships among variables 
B)  provide proof of causal relationships among variables 
C)  enhance our ability to predict from one variable to another 
D)  both a and c 
A)  increase our understanding of causal relationships among variables 
B)  provide proof of causal relationships among variables 
C)  enhance our ability to predict from one variable to another 
D)  both a and c

Question 10

Information derived from survey data that examines the relationship between the race of a person and his employment status yields a lambda of .20. This information indicates that we are ______ % better off knowing race when attempting to predict employment status.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  40 
C)  80 
D)  20 
A)  50 
B)  40 
C)  80 
D)  20

Question 11

When the row marginals are extremely unequal,

Accepted Answer

A)  lambda is the preferred measure of association 
B)  lambda may exceed 1.00 
C)  any chi square based measure of association will be less than zero 
D)  lambda may be zero even though there is an association between the variables 
A)  lambda is the preferred measure of association 
B)  lambda may exceed 1.00 
C)  any chi square based measure of association will be less than zero 
D)  lambda may be zero even though there is an association between the variables

Question 12

If there is no association between two variables, knowledge of the independent variable

Accepted Answer

A)  causes us to make more prediction errors 
B)  improves the accuracy of our predictions 
C)  does not change the number of errors of prediction 
D)  makes prediction of the dependent variable impossible 
A)  causes us to make more prediction errors 
B)  improves the accuracy of our predictions 
C)  does not change the number of errors of prediction 
D)  makes prediction of the dependent variable impossible

Question 13

A researcher tested the relationship between education and support for assisted suicide ("death with dignity") and found that support increased as education increased and that the maximum difference was 45. This relationship is

Accepted Answer

A)  strong negative 
B)  weak positive 
C)  strong positive 
D)  significant but not important 
A)  strong negative 
B)  weak positive 
C)  strong positive 
D)  significant but not important

Question 14

If variables are arranged in a bivariate table, we can see if they are associated by

Accepted Answer

A)  adding their scores vertically 
B)  subtracting their scores horizontally 
C)  computing percentages in the direction of the independent variable 
D)  computing percentages in the direction of the dependent variable 
A)  adding their scores vertically 
B)  subtracting their scores horizontally 
C)  computing percentages in the direction of the independent variable 
D)  computing percentages in the direction of the dependent variable

Question 15

Spearman's rho is appropriate for ordinal level variables because it is computed from

Accepted Answer

A)  raw scores 
B)  the square root of gamma 
C)  ranks, not scores 
D)  percentiles, not ranks 
A)  raw scores 
B)  the square root of gamma 
C)  ranks, not scores 
D)  percentiles, not ranks

Question 16

If the distribution of the scores of one variable changes across the categories of another variable, the variables

Accepted Answer

A)  are associated to some extent 
B)  are related in a way that is statistically significant 
C)  have a cause and effect relationship 
D)  are perfectly associated 
A)  are associated to some extent 
B)  are related in a way that is statistically significant 
C)  have a cause and effect relationship 
D)  are perfectly associated

Question 17

To display the effects of the X variable on the Y variable in a bivariate table when the independent variable has been arranged in the columns, compute percentages

Accepted Answer

A)  within each column 
B)  between each column 
C)  within each row 
D)  using N as the denominator 
A)  within each column 
B)  between each column 
C)  within each row 
D)  using N as the denominator

Question 18

"As education increases, income rises." This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  non-causal relationship 
B)  positive relationship 
C)  negative relationship 
D)  neutral relationship 
A)  non-causal relationship 
B)  positive relationship 
C)  negative relationship 
D)  neutral relationship

Question 19

Gamma measures the proportional reduction in error when predicting

Accepted Answer

A)  the order of pairs of cases on one variable 
B)  the order of pairs of cases on both variables 
C)  the order of a pair of cases on one variable with knowledge of the order of the pair on the other variable 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the order of pairs of cases on one variable 
B)  the order of pairs of cases on both variables 
C)  the order of a pair of cases on one variable with knowledge of the order of the pair on the other variable 
D)  none of the above

Question 20

Gamma and lambda are based on the logic of

Accepted Answer

A)  chi square 
B)  associational percentages 
C)  proportional repartitioning 
D)  proportional reduction in error 
A)  chi square 
B)  associational percentages 
C)  proportional repartitioning 
D)  proportional reduction in error

Gamma ranges from

Lambda is a PRE measure that is used when variables are measured at the

Tests of significance tell us if our results are non-random. To investigate the strength and direction of relationships, we must use

If there is an association between two variables,

If there is a positive association between two variables,

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology, then _ is the independent variable and _ is dependent.

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called

Measures of association

Information derived from survey data that examines the relationship between the race of a person and his employment status yields a lambda of .20. This information indicates that we are ______ % better off knowing race when attempting to predict employment status.

When the row marginals are extremely unequal,

If there is no association between two variables, knowledge of the independent variable

A researcher tested the relationship between education and support for assisted suicide ("death with dignity") and found that support increased as education increased and that the maximum difference was 45. This relationship is

If variables are arranged in a bivariate table, we can see if they are associated by

Spearman's rho is appropriate for ordinal level variables because it is computed from

If the distribution of the scores of one variable changes across the categories of another variable, the variables

To display the effects of the X variable on the Y variable in a bivariate table when the independent variable has been arranged in the columns, compute percentages

"As education increases, income rises." This is an example of a

Gamma measures the proportional reduction in error when predicting

Gamma and lambda are based on the logic of

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics Percentages, Ratios Rates, Tables, Charts Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics Sampling the Sampling Distribution

Hypothesis Testing I the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv Chi Square

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and

Filters

Exam 11: Bivariate Association for Nominal- and Ordinal-Level Variables

Gamma ranges from

Lambda is a PRE measure that is used when variables are measured at the

Tests of significance tell us if our results are non-random. To investigate the strength and direction of relationships, we must use

If there is an association between two variables,

If there is a positive association between two variables,

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology, then ___________ is the independent variable and ___________ is dependent.

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called

Measures of association

Information derived from survey data that examines the relationship between the race of a person and his employment status yields a lambda of .20. This information indicates that we are ______ % better off knowing race when attempting to predict employment status.

When the row marginals are extremely unequal,

If there is no association between two variables, knowledge of the independent variable

A researcher tested the relationship between education and support for assisted suicide ("death with dignity") and found that support increased as education increased and that the maximum difference was 45. This relationship is

If variables are arranged in a bivariate table, we can see if they are associated by

Spearman's rho is appropriate for ordinal level variables because it is computed from

If the distribution of the scores of one variable changes across the categories of another variable, the variables

To display the effects of the X variable on the Y variable in a bivariate table when the independent variable has been arranged in the columns, compute percentages

"As education increases, income rises." This is an example of a

Gamma measures the proportional reduction in error when predicting

Gamma and lambda are based on the logic of

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics Percentages, Ratios Rates, Tables, Charts Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics Sampling the Sampling Distribution

Hypothesis Testing I the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv Chi Square

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and

Filters

If social class is a cause of a person's political ideology, then _ is the independent variable and _ is dependent.