Exam 11: Bivariate Association for Nominal- and Ordinal-Level Variables

A researcher is interested in the relationship between social class (measured as upper, middle, or lower) and support (measured as strong, moderate, or weak) for a program of welfare reform. An appropriate measure of association for these two variables would be

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100. Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

A study was made of marital satisfaction experienced by men and women. A phi of .07 was calculated for the relationship between gender and satisfaction. This result shows that

A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income. Which variable is independent?

If the conditional distributions of Y do not change across the categories of X, any measure of association and the maximum difference would be

If the maximum difference is greater than 30, the relationship is

In the case of gamma, a positive relationship means that

Gamma is based on two prediction rules. In the first, we ______ and in the second we _________.

A problem with both Cramer's V and phi is that values between 0.00 and 1.00

A researcher finds that males are much more supportive of cohabitation than females. The phi is 0.25.This is a __________ relationship.

For the relationship between social class and movie attendance, a researcher found a gamma of - 0.45. This indicates that

Spearman's rho is appropriate for use with

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable

In the case of gamma, a negative relationship means that