Question 1

Which of the following should be decided before the data have been collected?

Accepted Answer

A) What level of confidence or level of significance should be used? 
B) How will outliers be handled? 
C) Which statistical method for analyzing the data is the most appropriate? 
D) All of the above. 
A) What level of confidence or level of significance should be used? 
B) How will outliers be handled? 
C) Which statistical method for analyzing the data is the most appropriate? 
D) All of the above.

Question 2

If a researcher has a desired outcome for a study and analyzes the data using different methods until the desired outcome is reached, this is called 'data __________.'

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher has a desired outcome...

Question 3

Before examining the results of a statistical analysis, make sure that the appropriate __________ have been investigated and verified.If the investigation shows that there is a problem, you have to disregard the results of the analysis.

Accepted Answer

conditions

Question 4

Explain the impact resulting from the selective reporting of statistical results by the media.

Accepted Answer

the media likes to selectively report th

Question 5

Which of the following pertains to the issue of humane care and use of animals in research, as outlined by the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A) You can use procedures subjecting animals to pain, stress, or privation, but only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value. 
B) In certain cases it is necessary that an animal's life must be terminated; in those cases, psychologists must proceed rapidly, with an effort to minimize pain and in accordance with accepted procedures. 
C) Animals do not have the same rights as human participants in experiments. 
D) All of the above. 
A) You can use procedures subjecting animals to pain, stress, or privation, but only when an alternative procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value. 
B) In certain cases it is necessary that an animal's life must be terminated; in those cases, psychologists must proceed rapidly, with an effort to minimize pain and in accordance with accepted procedures. 
C) Animals do not have the same rights as human participants in experiments. 
D) All of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of the 'experimenter effect'?

Accepted Answer

A) The results of a study confirmed what the researcher was hoping they would confirm. 
B) Researchers who interacted with participants knew which treatments were given to which participants before the data collection process began, and had certain expectations for the outcomes. 
C) The researchers were not properly trained on how to record the data and this affected the accuracy of the results. 
D) All of the above. 
A) The results of a study confirmed what the researcher was hoping they would confirm. 
B) Researchers who interacted with participants knew which treatments were given to which participants before the data collection process began, and had certain expectations for the outcomes. 
C) The researchers were not properly trained on how to record the data and this affected the accuracy of the results. 
D) All of the above.

Question 7

Explain what it means for a federal statistical agency to practice a 'strong position of independence,' according to the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics.

Accepted Answer

the statistical agency should

Question 8

Virtually all experiments with human participants __________that the researchers obtain the informed consent of the participants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Virtually all experiments with human participants __________that...

Question 9

Which of the following is an example where the conclusions made are stronger than are justified?

Accepted Answer

A) "The correlation between the two variables in this observational study was found to be statistically significant (p<.05), which implies a cause and effect relationship." 
B) "The relationship between these two variables was found to be statistically significant (p = .049; n = 10,000), thus indicating a strong relationship." Note: p reflects the p-value, and n the sample size. 
C) "Venting anger can be helpful to your heart health! A study based on 1,000 middle-aged males followed over a period of 10 years found that men who were able to vent their anger were less likely to have heart attacks." 
D) All of the above. 
A) "The correlation between the two variables in this observational study was found to be statistically significant (p<.05), which implies a cause and effect relationship." 
B) "The relationship between these two variables was found to be statistically significant (p = .049; n = 10,000), thus indicating a strong relationship." Note: p reflects the p-value, and n the sample size. 
C) "Venting anger can be helpful to your heart health! A study based on 1,000 middle-aged males followed over a period of 10 years found that men who were able to vent their anger were less likely to have heart attacks." 
D) All of the above.

Which of the following should be decided before the data have been collected?

If a researcher has a desired outcome for a study and analyzes the data using different methods until the desired outcome is reached, this is called 'data __________.'

Before examining the results of a statistical analysis, make sure that the appropriate __________ have been investigated and verified.If the investigation shows that there is a problem, you have to disregard the results of the analysis.

Explain the impact resulting from the selective reporting of statistical results by the media.

Which of the following pertains to the issue of humane care and use of animals in research, as outlined by the American Psychological Association?

Which of the following is an example of the 'experimenter effect'?

Explain what it means for a federal statistical agency to practice a 'strong position of independence,' according to the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics.

Virtually all experiments with human participants __________that the researchers obtain the informed consent of the participants.

Which of the following is an example where the conclusions made are stronger than are justified?

The Benefits and Risks of Using Statistics

Reading the News

Measurements, Mistakes, and Misunderstandings

How to Get a Good Sample

Experiments and Observational Studies

Getting the Big Picture

Summarizing and Displaying Measurement Data

Bell-Shaped Curves and Other Shapes

Plots, Graphs, and Pictures

Relationships Between Measurement Variables

Relationships Can Be Deceiving

Relationships Between Categorical Variables

Statistical Significance for 2 2 Tables

Understanding Probability and Long-Term Expectations

Understanding Uncertainty Through Simulation

Psychological Influences on Personal Probability

When Intuition Differs From Relative Frequency

Understanding the Economic News

The Diversity of Samples From the Same Population

Estimating Proportions With Confidence

The Role of Confidence Intervals in Research

Rejecting Chancetesting Hypotheses in Research

Hypothesis Testingexamples and Case Studies

Significance, Importance, and Undetected Differences

Meta-Analysis: Resolving Inconsistencies Across Studies

Putting What You Have Learned to the Test

Filters

Exam 26: Ethics in Statistical Studies

Which of the following should be decided before the data have been collected?

If a researcher has a desired outcome for a study and analyzes the data using different methods until the desired outcome is reached, this is called 'data __________.'

Before examining the results of a statistical analysis, make sure that the appropriate __________ have been investigated and verified.If the investigation shows that there is a problem, you have to disregard the results of the analysis.

Explain the impact resulting from the selective reporting of statistical results by the media.

Which of the following pertains to the issue of humane care and use of animals in research, as outlined by the American Psychological Association?

Which of the following is an example of the 'experimenter effect'?

Explain what it means for a federal statistical agency to practice a 'strong position of independence,' according to the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics.

Virtually all experiments with human participants __________that the researchers obtain the informed consent of the participants.

Which of the following is an example where the conclusions made are stronger than are justified?

The Benefits and Risks of Using Statistics

Reading the News

Measurements, Mistakes, and Misunderstandings

How to Get a Good Sample

Experiments and Observational Studies

Getting the Big Picture

Summarizing and Displaying Measurement Data

Bell-Shaped Curves and Other Shapes

Plots, Graphs, and Pictures

Relationships Between Measurement Variables

Relationships Can Be Deceiving

Relationships Between Categorical Variables

Statistical Significance for 2 2 Tables

Understanding Probability and Long-Term Expectations

Understanding Uncertainty Through Simulation

Psychological Influences on Personal Probability

When Intuition Differs From Relative Frequency

Understanding the Economic News

The Diversity of Samples From the Same Population

Estimating Proportions With Confidence

The Role of Confidence Intervals in Research

Rejecting Chancetesting Hypotheses in Research

Hypothesis Testingexamples and Case Studies

Significance, Importance, and Undetected Differences

Meta-Analysis: Resolving Inconsistencies Across Studies

Putting What You Have Learned to the Test

Filters