Question 1

In Axelrod's computer tournament, tit-for-tat emerged as the strategy to earn players the most points.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The tendency for people to believe that the world is essentially a fair place - that people usually get what they deserve and deserve what they get - is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarianism 
B) the reciprocity norm 
C) belief in a just world 
D) rule of law 
A) authoritarianism 
B) the reciprocity norm 
C) belief in a just world 
D) rule of law C

Question 3

Mpumi is at the pool and her little boy has struck his head on the diving board and is injured.What should Mpumi do to make sure her son receives the help he needs? Why?

Accepted Answer

What she should do
Pick a face out of the crowd (perhaps a lifeguard not involved in the rescue) and stare at that person, making eye contact.Point directly at that person and say, 'You, I need help for my son.He needs an ambulance.Call an ambulance now.'
Why she should do it - because this overcomes all the barriers to helping noted in the five-step model.This insures that the person will notice her (reducing distraction).It clarifies that Mpumi really needs help (overcomes pluralistic ignorance).It helps clarify that the particular individual Marcie speaks to is responsible for helping (overcomes diffusion of responsibility)
The person will now know exactly what to do (reduces lack of concerns about competence.The person identified should not be inhibited by the audience (reduces audience inhibition).

Question 4

In the prisoner's dilemma game, if you reciprocate your opponent's previous choice in each decision you make, you are employing the ________________ strategy.

Accepted Answer

tit-for-ta

Question 5

The so-called prisoner's dilemma is a paradigm that is used by social psychologists to study people's tendency to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) compete with others versus cooperate with others 
B) hoard resources versus share resources 
C) engage in altruistic behaviour, when such behaviour comes at a cost to themselves 
D) experience empathy versus try to avoid situations that provoke empathy 
A) compete with others versus cooperate with others 
B) hoard resources versus share resources 
C) engage in altruistic behaviour, when such behaviour comes at a cost to themselves 
D) experience empathy versus try to avoid situations that provoke empathy

Question 6

________________ refers to instances in which each person in a group does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ refers to instances in which each...

Question 7

Which dyad is MOST likely to experience mutual cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma game?

Accepted Answer

A) Shara and Carl, who cannot see or hear each other as they play the game 
B) Phil and Joann, who can see but not hear each other as they play the game 
C) Brian and Roberta, who can hear but not see each other as they play the game 
D) Russ and Clare, who can see and hear each other as they play the game 
A) Shara and Carl, who cannot see or hear each other as they play the game 
B) Phil and Joann, who can see but not hear each other as they play the game 
C) Brian and Roberta, who can hear but not see each other as they play the game 
D) Russ and Clare, who can see and hear each other as they play the game

Question 8

________________ is going along with the crowd.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is going along with the crowd....

Question 9

Based on Vohs et al.'s (2006) findings, wealthy people are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) less likely to ask for help when they need it 
B) more likely to ask for help when they need it 
C) as likely to ask for help when needed as anyone else 
D) more likely to give help to a neighbor in need 
A) less likely to ask for help when they need it 
B) more likely to ask for help when they need it 
C) as likely to ask for help when needed as anyone else 
D) more likely to give help to a neighbor in need

Question 10

As discussed in the text, social psychologists who study altruism have found that people who are altruistic tend to ____ compared to people who are not altruistic.

Accepted Answer

A) score almost exactly the same on basic personality measures 
B) show higher levels of empathy and be more likely to endorse tolerance and equity 
C) score slightly lower on self-esteem measures 
D) score slightly higher on self-esteem measures 
A) score almost exactly the same on basic personality measures 
B) show higher levels of empathy and be more likely to endorse tolerance and equity 
C) score slightly lower on self-esteem measures 
D) score slightly higher on self-esteem measures

Question 11

Business deals are often win-win propositions; both parties to the deal can end up benefiting.Social psychologists would describe such deals as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) zero-sum games 
B) non-zero-sum games 
C) commons dilemmas 
D) equity games 
A) zero-sum games 
B) non-zero-sum games 
C) commons dilemmas 
D) equity games

Question 12

People who live in New York City have a reputation for being rough and tough; there are stories of people who have fallen and hurt themselves on major city streets simply being stepped over by passerby.While it may well be the case that New Yorkers are less sensitive to others' needs than non-city dwellers, it could also be that they are more likely to engage in ________________ when someone has fallen down on the street.For example, passersby may well assume that their help is not needed, as someone else may well have already called for help or be calling for help very soon.

Accepted Answer

diffusion

Question 13

In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate ('Elaine') receive electric shocks.They were told either that they had to watch 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only.They were also told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate (similar group), or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate (dissimilar group).After the first two trials had been completed, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate - she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity.The researchers found that, in the dissimilar group, ____ agreed to switch places.

Accepted Answer

A) virtually no one 
B) many people in the 10-trial group but virtually no one in the two-trial group 
C) many people in both the 10-trial group and the two-trial group 
D) virtually everyone 
A) virtually no one 
B) many people in the 10-trial group but virtually no one in the two-trial group 
C) many people in both the 10-trial group and the two-trial group 
D) virtually everyone

Question 14

What do the text authors say about the kind of willingness to obey authority that Milgram witnessed in his research?

Accepted Answer

A) Milgram's research seems to have been an anomaly; people are not usually so obedient to authority in any kind of situation. 
B) Milgram's research seems to have been an anomaly; people usually are quite obedient when it comes to trivial or innocuous orders, but they are almost never so obedient when it comes to dangerous orders. 
C) People usually are quite obedient to authority, and Milgram's research demonstrates just how dangerous obedience is. 
D) People usually are quite obedient to authority, but most of the time this obedience has prosocial consequences; the situation that Milgram created in his research is very unique. 
A) Milgram's research seems to have been an anomaly; people are not usually so obedient to authority in any kind of situation. 
B) Milgram's research seems to have been an anomaly; people usually are quite obedient when it comes to trivial or innocuous orders, but they are almost never so obedient when it comes to dangerous orders. 
C) People usually are quite obedient to authority, and Milgram's research demonstrates just how dangerous obedience is. 
D) People usually are quite obedient to authority, but most of the time this obedience has prosocial consequences; the situation that Milgram created in his research is very unique.

Question 15

In social psychology, the story of Kitty Genovese's murder has been closely linked with the study of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the bystander effect 
B) the prisoner's dilemma 
C) the commons dilemma 
D) conformity 
A) the bystander effect 
B) the prisoner's dilemma 
C) the commons dilemma 
D) conformity

Question 16

If Maria helps another person with the sole goal of increasing his or her welfare, and expects nothing from the other person in return, then she is said to be engaging in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) egoistic helping 
B) altruistic helping 
C) zero-sum helping 
D) non-zero-sum helping 
A) egoistic helping 
B) altruistic helping 
C) zero-sum helping 
D) non-zero-sum helping

Question 17

Zinhle and her friends are singing karaoke.Zinhle is an extremely talented singer - much better than her friends.She feels awkward about being so good, however, so she sort of 'fakes bad'; she doesn't want her friends to be envious of her singing talent.Social psychologists would say that Zinhle is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

A) sensitivity about being the target of threatening downward comparison 
B) sensitivity about being the target of threatening upward comparison 
C) the commons dilemma 
D) audience inhibition 
A) sensitivity about being the target of threatening downward comparison 
B) sensitivity about being the target of threatening upward comparison 
C) the commons dilemma 
D) audience inhibition

Question 18

____ can be defined as ceasing to feel angry toward, and ceasing to seek retribution against, someone who has wronged you.

Accepted Answer

A) Empathy-altruism 
B) Negative state relief 
C) Forgiveness 
D) Shame 
A) Empathy-altruism 
B) Negative state relief 
C) Forgiveness 
D) Shame

Question 19

Mpumi and Aisha are at a restaurant, and both of them are thinking about ordering a particular risotto plate.If Mpumi goes ahead and orders the risotto, then Aisha will probably ____.

Accepted Answer

A) order the risotto too, and be more satisfied with it than she would have been with her second choice 
B) order the risotto too, but be less satisfied with it than she would have been with her second choice 
C) order her second choice, and be more satisfied with it than she would have been with the risotto 
D) order her second choice, but be less satisfied with it than she would have been with the risotto 
A) order the risotto too, and be more satisfied with it than she would have been with her second choice 
B) order the risotto too, but be less satisfied with it than she would have been with her second choice 
C) order her second choice, and be more satisfied with it than she would have been with the risotto 
D) order her second choice, but be less satisfied with it than she would have been with the risotto

Question 20

As described in the text, social psychologists have tended to think about obedience as ____, but obedience ____.

Accepted Answer

A) almost always antisocial; can have prosocial or antisocial consequences 
B) almost always antisocial; is always prosocial 
C) almost always prosocial; can have prosocial or antisocial consequences 
D) almost always prosocial; is always prosocial 
A) almost always antisocial; can have prosocial or antisocial consequences 
B) almost always antisocial; is always prosocial 
C) almost always prosocial; can have prosocial or antisocial consequences 
D) almost always prosocial; is always prosocial

In Axelrod's computer tournament, tit-for-tat emerged as the strategy to earn players the most points.

The tendency for people to believe that the world is essentially a fair place - that people usually get what they deserve and deserve what they get - is known as ____.

Mpumi is at the pool and her little boy has struck his head on the diving board and is injured.What should Mpumi do to make sure her son receives the help he needs? Why?

In the prisoner's dilemma game, if you reciprocate your opponent's previous choice in each decision you make, you are employing the ________________ strategy.

The so-called prisoner's dilemma is a paradigm that is used by social psychologists to study people's tendency to ____.

________________ refers to instances in which each person in a group does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal.

Which dyad is MOST likely to experience mutual cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma game?

________________ is going along with the crowd.

Based on Vohs et al.'s (2006) findings, wealthy people are ____.

As discussed in the text, social psychologists who study altruism have found that people who are altruistic tend to ____ compared to people who are not altruistic.

Business deals are often win-win propositions; both parties to the deal can end up benefiting.Social psychologists would describe such deals as ____.

What do the text authors say about the kind of willingness to obey authority that Milgram witnessed in his research?

In social psychology, the story of Kitty Genovese's murder has been closely linked with the study of ____.

If Maria helps another person with the sole goal of increasing his or her welfare, and expects nothing from the other person in return, then she is said to be engaging in ____.

____ can be defined as ceasing to feel angry toward, and ceasing to seek retribution against, someone who has wronged you.

Mpumi and Aisha are at a restaurant, and both of them are thinking about ordering a particular risotto plate.If Mpumi goes ahead and orders the risotto, then Aisha will probably ____.

As described in the text, social psychologists have tended to think about obedience as , but obedience .

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Choices and Actions: the Self in Control

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency

Social Influence and Persuasion

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying social psychology to consumer behaviour

Applying social psychology to health

Applying social psychology to the workplace

Applying social psychology to the law

Applying social psychology to the environment

Filters

Exam 9: Prosocial Behaviour: Doing Whats Best for Others

In Axelrod's computer tournament, tit-for-tat emerged as the strategy to earn players the most points.

The tendency for people to believe that the world is essentially a fair place - that people usually get what they deserve and deserve what they get - is known as ____.

Mpumi is at the pool and her little boy has struck his head on the diving board and is injured.What should Mpumi do to make sure her son receives the help he needs? Why?

In the prisoner's dilemma game, if you reciprocate your opponent's previous choice in each decision you make, you are employing the ________________ strategy.

The so-called prisoner's dilemma is a paradigm that is used by social psychologists to study people's tendency to ____.

________________ refers to instances in which each person in a group does his or her part, and together they work toward a common goal.

Which dyad is MOST likely to experience mutual cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma game?

________________ is going along with the crowd.

Based on Vohs et al.'s (2006) findings, wealthy people are ____.

As discussed in the text, social psychologists who study altruism have found that people who are altruistic tend to ____ compared to people who are not altruistic.

Business deals are often win-win propositions; both parties to the deal can end up benefiting.Social psychologists would describe such deals as ____.

What do the text authors say about the kind of willingness to obey authority that Milgram witnessed in his research?

In social psychology, the story of Kitty Genovese's murder has been closely linked with the study of ____.

If Maria helps another person with the sole goal of increasing his or her welfare, and expects nothing from the other person in return, then she is said to be engaging in ____.

____ can be defined as ceasing to feel angry toward, and ceasing to seek retribution against, someone who has wronged you.

Mpumi and Aisha are at a restaurant, and both of them are thinking about ordering a particular risotto plate.If Mpumi goes ahead and orders the risotto, then Aisha will probably ____.

As described in the text, social psychologists have tended to think about obedience as ____, but obedience ____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Choices and Actions: the Self in Control

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency

Social Influence and Persuasion

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying social psychology to consumer behaviour

Applying social psychology to health

Applying social psychology to the workplace

Applying social psychology to the law

Applying social psychology to the environment

Filters

As described in the text, social psychologists have tended to think about obedience as , but obedience .