Exam 9: Prosocial Behaviour: Doing Whats Best for Others

The management at Amber's company tends to be fair.They treat people with respect, they do not make unrealistic demands on their employees, and they reward people appropriately.As a result, Amber and her co-workers tend to be good '____'; they help one another out and they speak respectfully of their jobs.

Research indicates that there are a number of ways to increase helping.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

According to evolutionary theory, people are more likely to help siblings (with whom they share roughly half of their genes) than cousins (with whom they share roughly one-eighth of their genes), and more likely to help cousins than strangers.Research demonstrates that, in reality, ____.

Equity and equality are two types of ____.

In general, people make moral decisions based on principles.

Pluralistic ignorance is MOST likely to occur ____.

In general, in which of the following situations are women more likely to offer help than men?

Two ways to increase helping behaviour are to educate others and ________________.

When Milgram surveyed psychiatrists prior to conducting his famous 'obedience to authority' studies, the psychiatrists predicted that about 60% of participants would deliver the most severe shocks.

In one well-known study of helping behaviour, researchers examined helping among a sample of theology students.Students were either (a) put under time pressure or not put under time pressure and (b) expecting to give a speech about the parable of the (very helpful) Good Samaritan or expecting to give a speech about something else.What did the researchers find?

Even though there are certain codes of behaviour (both legal and moral) that people are supposed to follow during wartime, it is often the case that these codes are horrifically ignored or broken (e.g., there are lootings, mass rapes, killings of babies and children).In other words, it seems as though once certain rules and laws are broken (once people are even in war), ____ can become completely unraveled very easily.

Research on who helps whom indicates that ____.

The notion that 'feeling another's pain' motivates us to help others is called the ____.

In one well-known study on empathy, participants were given the option of (a) leaving the study, or (b) switching places with a confederate who was receiving random electrical shocks but was very upset by them (because of a negative childhood experience she had with electricity).Participants were given this option after having been told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate or after having been told that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate.What were the results of this study?

Much of the time, people engage in altruistic behaviour because doing so makes them feel good.Is it correct to conclude, then, that altruistic acts are fundamentally selfish? Or should such acts be considered altruistic despite their seemingly selfish motives? What do the textbook authors conclude about this?

In Milgram's classic research on obedience to authority, which of the following things was true?

The term ____ refers to the extent to which all people are treated as ingroup members.

You are more likely to receive help on a crowded street corner than a lightly populated corner.

The political scientist Robert Axelrod once held a computer tournament designed to determine the most successful prisoner's dilemma strategy (the strategy that would win most often for the longest period of time).That strategy was dubbed ____.

A strong belief in the reliability or validity of something is called ____.