Exam 9: Prosocial Behaviour: Doing Whats Best for Others

Briefly discuss gender differences in helping behaviour.Are males and females different in terms of their overall levels of empathy, the degree to which they render help to others, or the kinds of situations in which they help?

In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate ('Elaine') receive electric shocks.They were told either that they had to watch 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only.They were also told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate (similar group), or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate (dissimilar group).After the first two trials had been completed, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate - she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity.Which group almost never agreed to switch places?

According to the empathy-altruism hypothesis, ____.

If a bus full of mixed-sex beautiful people crashed into a bus full of mixed-sex unattractive people, would the beautiful group be more likely to receive top-notch help?

As discussed in the textbook, 'holiday sex' (low-commitment sex) often represents a 'good deal' for men and a 'bad deal' for women.Interestingly, both men and women tend to travel in same-sex packs during holidays.Moreover, ____.

According to the text, when it comes to helping others, females tend to be more helpful than males

Egoistic helping is motivated by ____ and the end goal is to ____.

In social psychology, the tendency for people to be less likely to offer help when they are in the presence of others than when they aren't is known as ____.

Suppose that Thabang has a strong belief in a just world, and that he is just like other people who have a strong belief in a just world.How should we expect him to respond when he is asked what he thinks about a new social welfare programme to benefit the elderly?

Xolisa has done a number of things to annoy her boyfriend recently - she crashed his car, is repeatedly late for dates, and was rude to his mother - and she feels a bit bad.However, Xolisa's boyfriend has forgiven her for each of her offenses.As a result, Xolisa is likely to ____.

Suppose that Mohammed and Oscar are buying frozen yogurt.Both of them are inclined to order the same flavor - pistachio - but they feel unadventurous about ordering the same flavour.If Oscar goes ahead and orders the pistachio for himself, then it is likely that Mohammed will ____.

In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate receive 10 full trials of electric shocks.They were told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate, or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate.After the first two trials had been conducted, participants were then either given no escape (had to watch the full 10 trials) or easy escape (allowed to leave and not watch the full 10 trials).After the first two trials, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate, as she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity.The researchers found that ____ agreed to switch places.

The concept of 'pay it forward' - doing a favour someone and asking that person to do the same in the future - can promote prosocial behaviour.Social scientists refer to this concept as ____.

According to the textbook authors, social psychologists have long viewed conformity as ____; newer research ____.

Research with humans and monkeys on fairness - and the concepts of being overbenefited versus underbenefited - indicates that ____.

Forgiveness is beneficial to the person receiving it, but not to the person doing the forgiving.

Research on morality in relation to political orientation suggests that both liberals and conservatives value ____.

Vusi's dad helped him buy a car when he graduated from college.When Vusi's son graduated from college, Vusi felt he should help his son in the same way.Social scientists would call this ____.

What happens to the political views people express when they are first primed by seeing a container of hand sanitiser?

Research on gender and helping indicates that male helpers tend to ____, and that female helpers tend to ____.