Question 1

Discuss the importance of there being two types of adaptive immune responses (antibody and cell-mediated).

Accepted Answer

Pathogens (and other hazards to the body

Question 2

T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and CD25 are (cytotoxic/helper/regulatory)T cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and...

Question 3

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

Accepted Answer

A)  NK lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
B)  B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. 
C)  macrophages and eosinophils. 
D)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
E)  neutrophils and dendritic cells. 
A)  NK lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
B)  B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. 
C)  macrophages and eosinophils. 
D)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
E)  neutrophils and dendritic cells.

Question 4

Which of the following is the result when a CTL interacts with a virally infected cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell releases interferon-gamma (INF-γ). 
B)  The cell undergoes apoptosis. 
C)  The CTL produces oxidizing chemicals. 
D)  The CTL produces IL-12. 
E)  The cell produces MHC II with epitope attached. 
A)  The cell releases interferon-gamma (INF-γ). 
B)  The cell undergoes apoptosis. 
C)  The CTL produces oxidizing chemicals. 
D)  The CTL produces IL-12. 
E)  The cell produces MHC II with epitope attached.

Question 5

Which of the following cytokines promotes the development of a cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha interferon 
B)  chemokines 
C)  tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
D)  IL-4 (interleukin-4) 
E)  IL-12 
A)  alpha interferon 
B)  chemokines 
C)  tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 
D)  IL-4 (interleukin-4) 
E)  IL-12

Question 6

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs).An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. 
B)  the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. 
C)  RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. 
D)  complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. 
E)  RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue. 
A)  red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen. 
B)  the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs. 
C)  RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents. 
D)  complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs. 
E)  RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue.

Question 7

Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The antibody immune response is attributed to the action of

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes. 
B)  T lymphocytes. 
C)  B lymphocytes. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  macrophages. 
A)  monocytes. 
B)  T lymphocytes. 
C)  B lymphocytes. 
D)  neutrophils. 
E)  macrophages.

Question 9

)Major histocompatibility antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens that provoke allergic reactions. 
B)  antigens that must be processed to be recognized by the immune system 
C)  antigens attached to foreign invaders. 
D)  autoantigens involved in epitope recognition. 
E)  not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens. 
A)  antigens that provoke allergic reactions. 
B)  antigens that must be processed to be recognized by the immune system 
C)  antigens attached to foreign invaders. 
D)  autoantigens involved in epitope recognition. 
E)  not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens.

Question 10

The delay in the initial adaptive immune response to pathogen is largely due to the (inducibility/memory/specificity)of adaptive immunity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The delay in the initial adaptive immune...

Question 11

How is the development of autoimmunity normally prevented?

Accepted Answer

A)  T lymphocytes that respond to autoantigens in the thymus undergo clonal deletion. 
B)  T lymphocytes require a specific set of cytokine signals to become activated. 
C)  Regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune responses. 
D)  Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation. 
E)  Clonal deletion of T cells, lack of necessary cytokine signals, and regulatory T cell suppression prevent activation of autoreactive T cells. 
A)  T lymphocytes that respond to autoantigens in the thymus undergo clonal deletion. 
B)  T lymphocytes require a specific set of cytokine signals to become activated. 
C)  Regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune responses. 
D)  Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation. 
E)  Clonal deletion of T cells, lack of necessary cytokine signals, and regulatory T cell suppression prevent activation of autoreactive T cells.

Question 12

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth factors 
B)  interferons 
C)  interleukins 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  chemokines 
A)  growth factors 
B)  interferons 
C)  interleukins 
D)  tumor necrosis factors 
E)  chemokines

Question 13

IgG antibodies kill pathogens both directly and indirectly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated. 
B)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target. 
C)  Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
D)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells. 
A)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated. 
B)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target. 
C)  Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
D)  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide. 
E)  A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.

Question 15

The type of immunoglobulin illustrated in Figure is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE. 
B)  IgG. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgM. 
E)  IgD. 
A)  IgE. 
B)  IgG. 
C)  IgA. 
D)  IgM. 
E)  IgD.

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

Discuss the importance of there being two types of adaptive immune responses (antibody and cell-mediated).

T lymphocytes that have both CD4 and CD25 are (cytotoxic/helper/regulatory)T cells.

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

Which of the following is the result when a CTL interacts with a virally infected cell?

Which of the following cytokines promotes the development of a cell-mediated immune response?

The protozoan that causes malaria is an intracellular parasite of red blood cells (RBCs).An adaptive immune response to this parasite is problematic because

Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

The antibody immune response is attributed to the action of

)Major histocompatibility antigens are

The delay in the initial adaptive immune response to pathogen is largely due to the (inducibility/memory/specificity)of adaptive immunity.

How is the development of autoimmunity normally prevented?

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

IgG antibodies kill pathogens both directly and indirectly.

Which of the following statements regarding the cell-mediated immune response is TRUE?

The type of immunoglobulin illustrated in Figure is

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Filters