Chat with AIExam 16: Social Thinking and Social Influence
After signing the confession, the crew of the captured submarine experienced a sense of relief from immediate abuse, a faint hope for their release from captivity, and a fear regarding additional pressures to conform that are likely to come. This phase of brainwashing is known as
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VerifiedA
Cognitive dissonance theory is based on the human need for
(48) VerifiedD
Distinguish between nonassertive, aggressive, and assertive behaviors. Then, describe a situation in which you were nonassertive, and contrast an aggressive and an assertive response to this same situation. Lastly, discuss some general strategies you could use to become more assertive.
(27) VerifiedAnswers regarding the nonassertive situation will vary but will include a clear distinction among nonassertive, aggressive, and assertive responses to the situation. Regarding the differences in behaviors, nonassertive persons are self-denying, inhibited, hurt, and anxious; let others make choices for them; and do not achieve their goals. The receivers of the nonassertive behavior may feel sympathy, guilt, or contempt for the actor and achieve their goals at the actor's expense. Aggressive persons achieve their goals at others' expense; express their feelings, but hurt others; and make choices for others. The receivers of the aggressive behavior feel hurt, defensive, humiliated, or taken advantage of. Assertive people act in their own best interests, express their feelings, but respect the rights of others with their goals being achieved and self-respect maintained. The receivers of assertive behavior feel respected and get to express their feelings, and may also achieve their goals with self-worth being maintained. The first step in becoming assertive is to convince oneself of three basic rights: One has the right to refuse, to request, and to right a wrong. To improve your assertiveness for a particular situation, you would begin by rehearsing the dialogue, posture, and gestures you would use. You would then practice in front of a mirror or role-play the scene with a friend. When role-playing, it is important to have the friend take the part of a really aggressive person as well as a cooperative one. Rehearsal and role playing should also be used before a person expects a possible confrontation with someone, such as asking for a raise, challenging a grade, or confronting a landlord. Another important principle is overlearning (practice that continues after initial mastery of a skill). When you rehearse or role-play assertive behavior, it is essential to continue to practice until your responses become almost automatic. This helps prevent you from getting flustered in the actual situation. One more technique you may find useful is the broken record. This is a self-assertion technique involving repeating a request until it is acknowledged. Repetition is also a good way to prevent assertion from becoming aggression.
You are talking with an acquaintance, and you move in closer. Most people will show signs of discomfort. They will either step back, turn to the side, look away, or position an arm in front of themselves because you have
(33) The difference in behavior between the sadistic "guards" and the dehumanized "prisoners" in the Zimbardo prison study is best attributed to
(40) The ongoing pattern of life that is passed from one generation to the next is called __________.
(37) You are against gun control because you grew up in a family that owned different types of guns, and you were also the victim of a crime in a city, which does not allow citizens to carry concealed weapons. Your attitude toward gun control can best be explained by a combination of
(43) We tend to emphasize positive aspects of what we choose, while downgrading other alternatives in order to minimize
(22) You ask your friend to review a couple of pages of your term paper as you begin writing the paper, and she agrees. Later, you ask her to read the whole 15-page paper after you finish. She will most likely comply because of the
(27) The theory that explains attitude change in terms of a need to maintain consistency in our thoughts and actions is the __________ theory.
(29) In order to reduce cognitive dissonance, people may increase the amount of perceived choice they have.
(29) An ongoing pattern of life that is passed from one generation to the next is called
(34) To a large extent, the "groupthink" phenomenon described by Irving Janis can be considered a powerful example of
(31) Regarding self-assertion, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?
(27) Jason had promised to help his elderly next door neighbor move some heavy furniture next Friday. When Friday came, Jason really wanted to go with his friends to the beach, but he did promise the neighbor. He decides to help the neighbor because the "old guy" always had been nice to him and deserves his help and, besides, he tells great stories. Jason's attempt to convince himself that he was doing the "right thing" by helping his neighbor was most likely caused by
(37) Space that extends about 18 inches out from the skin is referred as __________ distance.
(29) The degree of attraction among group members or their commitment to remain in the group is called
(35) Cognitive dissonance is usually strongest when the reward or justification is
(30) Janice is about to order her coffee after waiting in line for 15 minutes when a stranger walks up and asks if she can order ahead of Janice since she has an appointment in five minutes. Janice lets the stranger place her order first. Janice has just exhibited
(40) If you notice that a student who does not talk to others in history class does talk freely to others in English class and in math class, you might attribute his behavior to not knowing anyone in history class. Your attribution was based on which aspect of his behavior?
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