Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Frequent punishment makes a person or an animal all of the following EXCEPT

Classical conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus is used as if it were an unconditioned stimulus is called __________ conditioning.

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

Which of the following reinforcers are used to provide immediate incentives for learning and to avoid the problem of satiation?

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

Whether we drive our car across an intersection depends on if the traffic light is red or green. This illustrates the principle of

Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of

Which type of learning tends to lead to a better understanding of new or unusual problems?

Which of the following often spread conditioned emotional responses (CERs)to other stimuli, which results in a limited fear becoming a disabling phobia?

Which psychologist developed a conditioning apparatus for animals and provided various practical applications of operant conditioning?

The direct activation of "pleasure centers" in the brain through intracranial self-stimulation would be considered a(n)__________ reinforcer.

Forming a connection between the stimulus of a dog growling at you and the response of fear would be a type of __________learning.

Anthony wears his lucky socks every time he has a baseball game because the socks were accidentally paired with a good RBI. Anthony's behavior is an example of

If simply refusing to feed your dog table scraps is not enough to stop it from jumping on you when you sit at a table, you could effectively (and humanely)punish it by spraying water on its nose

Every time you open the refrigerator, walk to a drinking fountain, turn up the heat, or order a double fudge sundae, your actions reflect __________ reinforcers.

Describe what changes constitute learning and what changes do not, distinguish between associative learning and cognitive learning, list the two types of associative learning, and explain the importance of antecedents and consequences for each type.

Most nights Ian comes home from work, turns on the TV, eats a whole bag of cookies or chips, then takes a shower, and changes clothes. By dinnertime he has lost his appetite. Ian could solve this problem by not turning on the TV but heading to the shower first. By changing the order of activities that precede dinner, he is breaking the __________.

Punishment works best when it is

To be effective, punishment must be given

In Pavlov's experiment, the dog's salivation to the food is referred to as the __________ response.