Exam 6: Learning

The rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer are called ​

In Pavlov's principal experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the

_____ occurs when an event weakens the likelihood that a response will be repeated.

In Pavlov's principal experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits. ​

_____ reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a desirable stimulus; _____ reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened as the result of the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of ​

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

When a researcher reinforces a response only some of the time, it is referred to as ​

Your spouse withdraws attention from you each time you begin criticizing her cooking. Eventually, you stop criticizing your spouse's cooking. The withdrawal of attention can be categorized as ​

The continued presentation of the CS without the US will result in the gradual disappearance of the CR. This phenomenon is known as ​

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, it is called ​

Given the same frequency of reinforcement, _____ schedules generate higher rates of responding than do _____ schedules.

In Pavlov's principal experiment, if a dog salivates after hearing a tone, the salivation would be the

A small enclosure used by psychologists to study learning in which an animal can make a specific response that is recorded while the consequences are systematically controlled is known as a ​

Your teenage daughter has not cleaned her room in a month. You go in and begin yelling at her to clean her room. She begins to clean up, and you stop yelling. Your daughter's cleaning behavior can be viewed as responding to ​

Nate is watching the cumulative recorder that is connected to a box where a rat is pressing a lever to receive food reinforcement. The slope of the line is becoming flatter and flatter over time. Based on this output, Nate can conclude that the rat's response rate ​

Imagine that you are an advertising executive and that your sales have dropped for a particular brand of laundry detergent. You want to design a set of ads that makes people feel good when they see your detergent, and you want to reinforce people for buying your product. How would you design ads that would condition people to feel good when they see your product?

Research on conditioning generally has demonstrated the importance of _____, but findings regarding the biological constraints on conditioning have shown that _____ is also very important.

If a baseball player who has been in a batting slump for several weeks alters his batting stance and wears a new batting glove one day and gets three hits, the cognitive explanation of conditioning suggests that for the next game, the baseball player will continue to