Exam 6: Learning

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment?

Mariah developed a fear of the water when she fell off a river raft last summer. This year, she took swimming lessons and thought she had finally overcome her fear of water. She was eagerly looking forward to an upcoming rafting trip, but as soon as she stepped onto the raft, she was instantly terrified again. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as ​

In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder ​

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced. This process is called ​

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission. When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift. This is an example of ​

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like. Based on principles of observational learning, whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like in the future, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

The key dependent variable measured in operant conditioning studies is the

Pat takes a prescription medication in order to reduce pain; Kelly takes the same medication in order to experience a "drug high." Pat's behavior is reinforced by _____ reinforcement and Kelly's behavior by _____ reinforcement.

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the ​

A schedule of reinforcement is ​

The principles of learning and conditioning have

Which of the following goals is specified in an appropriate format for designing a self-modification program?

Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning. Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalization was shown when Albert showed the fear response to ​

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically ​

Given the same overall frequency of reinforcement on a fixed and a variable schedule of reinforcement, you should predict that the variable reinforcement schedule will tend to produce ​

Sally developed a nasty stomach bug a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi, she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) _____.

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given ​

Research suggests that parents who spank their children usually administer spanking

When an organism responds to a specific conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as ​