Exam 6: Learning

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor's Chihuahua bit her on the ankle. Today, Lindsay is still terrified of Chihuahuas, but she likes almost all other types of dogs. Lindsay's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Nicolas has autistic disorder and is mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of ​

Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as ​

What are stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it

Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that ​

Application of conditioning principles to change behavior problems is generally known as ​

Learning to ride a bicycle is MOST likely acquired via the process of

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from ​

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called _____.

When a rat presses a lever, the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off. Which of the following procedures is being used?

According to Albert Bandura, expectations concerning reinforcement primarily influence the probability of an individual ​

The reappearance of an extinguished response is known as _____.

Chimps are trained to perform a variety of tasks to get coins. The coins could then be traded in for banana chips that could be eaten. The coins served as a  _____ reinforcer.

Typically, most people

Brenda has learned to take an over-the-counter medication 30 minutes before she eats a spicy meal. When she does this, she is able to prevent the heartburn and indigestion that she would experience otherwise. This is an example of ​

Tolman's research on rats learning mazes challenged operant conditioning principles by demonstrating that rats developed _____ when they learned a maze.

The initial stage of learning a response is called ​

Six-year-old Kristen is afraid of balloons because a balloon once popped in her face while she was holding it. Last week, she went to the circus and there was a clown holding a huge assortment of helium balloons. Now she is also afraid of clowns, even though none of the balloons the clown was holding popped. Kristen's fear of clowns illustrates the classical conditioning process of ​