Chat with AIExam 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development
Discuss the effects of thalidomide on pregnant women.
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VerifiedAnswers will vary. Thalidomide was marketed in the 1960s as a treatment for insomnia and nausea and provides a dramatic example of critical periods of vulnerability to teratogens. A fetus's extremities undergo rapid development during the second month of pregnancy. Thalidomide taken during this period almost invariably causes birth defects, such as missing or stunted limbs. The drug is no longer prescribed for pregnant women.
The probability of having a child with Down's syndrome increases with the age of the parents.
(35) VerifiedTrue
Distinguish between Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome.
(40) VerifiedAnswers will vary. Approximately 1 male in 500 has Klinefelter syndrome, which is caused by an extra X sex chromosome (an XXY sex chromosomal pattern). XXY males produce less of the male sex hormone testosterone than normal males. As a result, male primary and secondary sex characteristics-such as the testes, deepening of the voice, musculature, and the male pattern of body hair-do not develop properly. XXY males usually have enlarged breasts (gynecomastia) and are usually mildly intellectually disabled, particularly in language skills. XXY males are typically treated with testosterone replacement therapy, which can foster growth of sex characteristics and elevate the mood, but they remain infertile. Approximately 1 girl in 2,500 has a single X sex chromosome and, as a result, develops Turner syndrome. The external genitals of such females are normal, but their ovaries are poorly developed, and they produce little estrogen. Females with this problem are shorter than average and infertile. Researchers have connected a specific pattern of cognitive deficits with low estrogen levels: problems in visual-spatial skills, mathematics, and nonverbal memory.
In the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which of the following bases combines with guanine?
(33) Once the testes have developed in the embryo, they begin to produce male sex hormones, or _____.
(32) Pairs of chromosomes that look alike and possess genetic information concerning the same set of traits are termed _____.
(36) Women stand at least a 20% chance of bearing children with birth defects such as deafness, intellectual disabilities, heart disease, or eye problems, including blindness, if they are infected during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy with _____ .
(34) _____ is a sexually transmitted infection that, in advanced stages, can attack major organ systems.
(36) Which of the following pairs of bases is present in the rungs of the ladder-like structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
(26) If an individual gets a dominant gene for eye color from one parent, and a recessive gene from another, the ______.
(32) _________ are problems that stem from the interaction of heredity and environmental factors.
(43) Which of the following statements is true about Tay-Sachs disease?
(32) Sebaceous glands cause a developing organism to grow arms or wings, skin or scales.
(42) Neural tube defects cause an elevation in the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in the mother's blood.
(31) A(n) _____ uses sound waves that are too high in frequency to be heard by the human ear to obtain information about a fetus.
(29) Who among the following is most likely to have gynecomastia?
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