Exam 8: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

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Andria makes different figures such as a tower, a building, and even a toy slide with her Lego kit. It is evident that Andria is engaged in _____.

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In symbolic play, children ______.

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How are later-born children different from first-born children?

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Answers will vary. Differences in personality and achievement have been linked to birth order. Later-born children may learn to act aggressively to compete for the attention of their parents and older siblings. Their self-concepts tend to be lower than those of first-born or only children, but the social skills later-born children acquire from dealing with their family position seem to translate into greater popularity with peers. They also tend to be somewhat more rebellious and liberal than firstborn children.

According to Erikson, which of the following occurs during the stage of initiative versus guilt?

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Preschool girls _______.

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Christine and Julia study in a kindergarten. They play "hospital" at the kindergarten, wherein Christine assumes the role of a doctor and Julia assumes the role of a nurse. It is evident that Christine and Julia are engaged in _____.

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Parents who do not enjoy their children and have few feelings of affection for them are best described as _____.

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According to Erik Erikson, children in the stage of initiative versus guilt ______.

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Fear of social disapproval is the most common fear among preschoolers.

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During middle childhood, children ______.

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Briefly explain the gender differences in play.

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According to the cognitive-developmental view of gender typing proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, children ______.

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According to Erik Erikson, children in the stage of initiative versus guilt focus on compliance with the rules of others.

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Laika is in the beginning of the sensorimotor stage of development. He often runs in circles and giggles. Laika is most likely engaged in _____.

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Describe the authoritarian parenting style.

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Which of the following techniques of enforcing restrictions on children includes physical punishment and denial of privileges?

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Permissive-indulgent parents are low in their attempts to control their children and rarely demand mature behavior.

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James asks his father for money to buy tickets to the final of a world cup tournament. His father asks him why he plans to attend the world cup final in the stadium when he can watch it on television. James replies that the adrenalin rush he gets with the 100,000 live audience in the stadium cannot be replicated if he watches it on television. His father laughs and gives him the money, telling him to have a great time. In this scenario, James's father displays what kind of parenting style?

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Robin, an infant, is given a rattle. He shakes his rattle and giggles. He repeats this action a couple of times. It is evident that Robin is engaged in _____.

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Children of authoritative parents tend to show ______.

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