Exam 9: Developmental Theories Life Course Latent Trait and Trajectory

Explain and discuss the general principles of the life course theory.

Gottfredson and Hirschi identify people with limited self-control as tending to be:

The branch of criminology that examines change in a criminal career over the life course is known as:

According to Farrington,___________challenges control mechanisms but stops short of physical harm: for example, vandalism, curfew violations, and unconventional sex.

Life course theories are inherently integrated theories and suggest that events taking place over the life course influence life choices.

___________________ and Eleanor Glueck are today considered founders of the developmental branch of criminological theory.

Explain latent traits. What is an example of a latent trait?

Adolescent-limiteds begin offending at a very young age. Even before delinquent activities begin, they typically have serious behavioral problems.

Adolescent-limiteds may be considered "typical teens" who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with friends. As they reach their mid-teens, adolescent-limited delinquents begin to mimic the antisocial behavior of more troubled teens, only to reduce the frequency of their offending as they mature (until the age of 18).

What are the three pathways to crime identified by Loeber? Explain each of them.

According to ______, crime is a type of social problem rather than the product of other problems.

What theory, developed by Gottfredson and Hirschi, considers the criminal offender and the criminal act as separate concepts?

A number of criticisms of the General Theory of crime remain unanswered. Identify and discuss the implications of these unanswered criticisms.

When Elaine Eggleston Doherty and Margaret Ensminger analyzed the relationship between marriage and official arrest, they found strong evidence of a ________________________.

Policy-based initiatives based on premises of developmental theory typically feature multisystemic treatment efforts.

Over time, aggressive and disruptive children are rejected by families and peers and tend to receive less support from teachers.

The association between self-control, poor impulse control, and crime applies more accurately to juvenile crime as motivations for adult crime differ. This helps to explain the aging out process.

Discuss the history of development theory.

The _________ pathway to crime begins with minor, underhanded behavior such as lying and shoplifting that leads to property damage and that later escalates to more serious forms of criminality.

The __________________ pathway to crime begins at an early age with stubborn behavior.