Exam 5: Learning

Which statement best sums up the role of stimulus discrimination and stimulus control in operant conditioning?​

​Whenever Lisa's aunts visit, they kiss her on the cheek. Lisa hates this and eventually learns that they will not kiss her if she is coughing. Now whenever her aunts enter her home, she pretends to cough. This is an example of ____.

Which action is an example of negative reinforcement?​

If a research team is going to Chicago to conduct a study on latent learning, they would be most interested in interviewing a ____. ​

Krystle is always late for meetings. After many stern looks and being scolded by her co-workers, Krystle learns that if she brings snacks to the meetings, her co-workers will not scold her for being late. This is an example of ____ conditioning.​

Russell's mom wants him to study for two hours each night, so she gives him treats during the evening. Sometimes she gives him the treats after ten minutes, sometimes after thirty minutes. On the average, Russell is given a treat every twenty minutes. Which reinforcement schedule is Russell's mom utilizing?​

Stephanie has learned that if she cries after being put to bed, her parents will often return and pick her up. Crying is a(n)____.​

The police blocked off the road in Carole's neighborhood that she usually uses to get home from work, so Carole used the next quickest route. Carole easily found the different route because ____. ​

Chuck works on the assembly line at Widgets, Inc. Because he is a union employee, he is paid $10 for every fifteen widgets he makes. His co-worker, Sally, is a nonunion worker and is paid only when the company makes money, which averages out to be two times per month. Chuck is reinforced on a ____ schedule, while Sally is reinforced on a ____ schedule.​

In Melody's class, she takes attendance on average every five to ten days, and students who are present receive extra points. This is an example of what type of reinforcement schedule?​

The association between media violence, including violence on television and aggressive behavior, is often attributed to ____ learning. ​

After Nadia spills water all over her painting, her first-grade art teacher gives her some candyto make her feel better. The next time art class meets, Nadia promptly and purposefully spills water. The candyhas acted as a(n)____.​

When an organism uses insight, it ____.

Martina's upstairs neighbors play their stereo loudly. Martina hates loud music and has found that if she bangs on the ceiling with a broom, they turn the volume down. Now, as soon as the loud music starts, Martina bangs on the ceiling and it is muted. This is an example of ____.​

After Maria drank coffee for the first time in her life, she felt more awake. She then begandrinking coffee every morning. Now when she even smells coffee, she feels more awake. Feeling more awake after just smelling the coffee is the ____.​

Jane has just begun teaching Psychology 100 and wants her students to participate during class. She hopes that discussing the material, doing writing tasks, and working in small groups will help her students understand the material better. Jane is attempting to use ____ in her class. ​

Andre is participating in a psychology study. He is sitting alone in a room and every few seconds, a bright light flashes in front of him. When the light flashes, he blinks. After a while, a phone rings right before the flash of light. Soon, Andre blinks when the phone rings. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is the ____.​

Which statement is true of taste-aversion conditioning?​

​Winston turns the water off in the shower when he hears someone flush a toilet so he will not get scalded. However, he does not do this when he hears someone turn on the bathroom sink faucet because he knows it will not scald him. This is because of stimulus ____.

Art has doting parents who praise him every time he sits down and studies. Ben has parents who praise him every now and then when he studies. A learning theorist would predict that if both sets of parents stopped giving encouragement for studying, ____ would continue studying longer because behaviors rewarded on a ____ schedule persist longer.​