Exam 5: Learning

Talon drinks one too many cans of "Jooky" last night. Talon spent the morning vomiting, and now even the smell of Jooky makes Talon nauseous. Talon is experiencing a ____, which can best be explained by ____ conditioning.​

Jelena is studying in her apartment when suddenly the power goes out. She has to walk to the kitchen to get a flashlight and is surprised by how well she "navigates" without bumping into anything in the dark. She is able to do this because she has formed a(n)____. ​

Gabe is trying to get his dog, Trixie, to "sit up." He starts rewarding her first when she lies down. Then he rewards her when she is sitting on her backside. And finally he rewards her only when she sits up with her paws off the ground. Gabe has trained Trixie to "sit up" by using ____.​

Continued gambling behavior is best explained in terms of which process of learning?​

During every pay period that Shauna is not late to work, she gets a bonus added to her paycheck. As a result, Shauna is never late to work. The extra money added to her paycheck is a(n)____,​

Serena is praised for every art project she brings home from school. Once this kind of continuous reinforcement is discontinued, we can predict that Serena's reinforced behavior will extinguish ____.​

Fed up with his son not cleaning around the house, Jack buys a book called Shape Up, which instructs the reader to implement the operant conditioning technique of shaping. According to the book, Jack will want to ____.​

Mike loves Q-Mart and shops there often. One day, another customer asked Mike if he knows where turkey basters are in the store. Mike immediately gives directions to the exact aisle, even though he has never looked for turkey basters himself. Mike has displayed ____. ​

Every time Bert slices onions, the onions burn his eyes and tears run down his face. One day, he opens the silverware drawer, pulls out the knife that he uses only to peel onions, and immediately starts to shed tears from the sight of the knife. In this situation, the onion is the ____, and the knife is the __________.​

​Although punishment has several drawbacks, it is most effective when ____.

One aspect common to Tolman's research on latent learning and Köhler's research on insight is ____. ​

Shamir reflexively kicks his leg when the doctor taps him on the knee. Then, the doctor begins saying the word "Help" and then tapping Shamir on the knee. After forty-five trials of first saying "Help," followed immediately by tapping the knee, on the forty-sixth trial, Shamir kicks his leg after hearing the word "Help." In this example, the word "Help" is the ____, and Shamir kicking his leg in response to the word "Help" is the ____.​

Hailey thinks that it makes no difference as to how hard she studies for her classes. Sometimes she studies and other times she doesn't, but her grades are always the same. Soon, Hailey never studies because she doesn't see any reason to do so. Hailey is experiencing ____. ​

Whenever your English teacher gives a quiz, he carries the copies of the quiz into the room in a black box, and you react with anticipation. If he walks into the room with any other color box, you know that it is not a quiz and feel no anticipation. This illustrates the concept of stimulus ____.​

Just before being attacked by a mugger while jogging, David had been listening to a saxophone player, watching a mime artist, and smelling the newly mown grass. According to your text, which of these stimuli is most likely to become a conditioned stimulus for fear?​

While at the grocery store, Jeremy begins to throw a fit because he wants a candy bar. His mom gives him the candy bar so that he will stop screaming. Jeremy's mom has experienced ____ conditioning.​

Five-year-old Sandrine jumps and cringes every time she hears thunder. Soon she cringes when she sees lightning because she knows that thunder will follow. One day when she is at her first fireworks show, she cringes when she sees the flash of light from the first fireworks in the sky. Sandrine is displaying ____.​

Roxanne loves eating at her favorite restaurant, Peppers. One night, she meets some friends atPeppers and then goes to see the movie Fight Club.Shortly afterwards, she becomes violently ill. After this incident, while Roxanne still enjoys watching Fight Club, she no longer enjoys eating at Peppers. This is an example of ____.​

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience is known as ____.

Sniffy, the rat, has been taught to press a bar in a cage to receive food. The behavior disappears, though, when Sniffy stops receiving food following bar-pressing. Several days later, Sniffy is placed in the cage again, and he immediately began to press the bar. The reappearance of this response is called ____.​