Exam 5: Learning

While camping, Ben attempts to put up a new tent. He forgot to bring the instructions and is having some trouble. He tries to put it together twice, but some pieces are left over and the tent quickly falls down. Confused, he stands staring at the tent stakes, poles, ropes, and tarps. Then, all of a sudden, through ____, he figures out the problem and sets up the entire tent in five minutes. ​

Systematic desensitization, which is used to treat phobias, is based on which learning paradigm?​

Lois and Peter want to teach Brian, their dog, to fetch the newspaper. Lois aims to encourage Brian's behavior when he brings in the newspaper. Peter's goal is, instead, to discourage Brian's behavior when he brings in a stick. Lois will most likely use ____, and Peter will most likely use ____.​

Bertha becomes conditioned to cry every time she sees an onion chopper because she associates it with cutting onions, which always make her eyes water. For weeks, the onion cutter sits on the counter with no onions. Eventually, she never cries when she sees the cutter. Then the onion cutter disappears for two months, and when Bertha sees it again for the first time, she begins to cry. This response is known as ____.​

Kelly watched her mother get ready for work; Kelly's mother put on makeup and fixed her hair. Then, Kelly's mother left the room and told Kelly to get ready for school. Kelly began to imitate her mother by smearing makeup on her face and fluffing her hair. This is an example of ____. ​

Explain the various types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement and how rates of responding differ for the different schedules.

Jon eats a hamburger that is contaminated with nasty bacteria. While eating the burger, Jon is watching an episode of the television show Small Wonder. Jon soon develops an aversion to hamburgers, but not to the television program, primarily because of ____.​

While she was growing up, Lindsay was repeatedly told by others that she simply does not understand math concepts and she'll never be any good at it. By the time Lindsay reaches high school math classes, she doesn't put any effort into the classes because she thinksthat no amount of effort will help her excel at math. This is an example of ____. ​