Exam 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning

In order to demonstrate the extent to which classical conditioning can be a factor in the development of a serious phobia, John Watson and Rosalie Raynor conducted a study in which

Peter's mother normally arrives home from work in a terrible mood, causing Peter extreme anxiety. However, when Peter sees that his mother is wearing sweat pants, Peter feels at ease, knowing that she has been home from work for a while. Peter's recognition that the sweatpants indicate no reason to feel anxious illustrates

Mrs. Collora teaches social studies to junior high school students. Two boys in her class often loudly make jokes about the material being discussed. She has tried several techniques without success: (1) ignoring them; (2) encouraging and rewarding them for contributing to the class discussion; (3) removing their opportunities to participate in field trips; and (4) requiring them each to write an essay on proper behavior. In the order presented, list the operant conditioning principles she has applied to the situation.

Explain how cyberbullying could be the result of observational learning. Include in your response the four necessary cognitive processes in the modeling of others' behavior: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

Which of the following is a primary advantage of observational learning?

When a conditioned stimulus can predict the nonoccurrence of an unconditioned stimulus, it is referred to as

Based on the findings of Garcia and Koelling, which type of stimuli would be most effective for training birds?

Which of the following is an example of nonassociative learning?

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement is referred to as

Acquiring a prejudice, being creative, and schizophrenia-based loosened associations may reflect which of the following?

Thorndike's law of effect states that behavior is

When he was 9 years old, Mike tried shrimp for the first time but fell very ill shortly thereafter. Within a few hours he was vomiting and was sick for the rest of the night. Now, years later, Mike cannot bring himself to eat shrimp. This is an example of

Psychologists such as B. F. Skinner have studied how we can use operant conditioning to change the behavior of people and animals. Drawing on your personal experience, choose a person or animal whose behavior you want to change. (You may select your own behavior for this question if you wish.) How could you use operant conditioning to change the behavior of this person or animal? In a multiparagraph essay, describe your plan to change this behavior. Be sure to mention what type of reinforcer and reinforcement schedule you would use and explain why you made those particular choices. Include information from class materials, readings, and research on operant conditioning to support your discussion.

Why is the process of sensitization advantageous?

Marcus, who runs a software development company, repeatedly gives his administrative assistant, Shana, small pay raises for her hard work. Lately however, Marcus neglects to acknowledge the accomplishments of Shana with small pay raises; Shana's performance has begun to decline. What likely contributed to Shana's performance problems?

Nick wants to encourage his 6-year-old daughter, Anna, to help with family chores. He makes an outline of a rainbow with seven bands so that Anna can color in a band each time she does a chore. If she does seven chores in a week, coloring in the full rainbow, she gets $1. Nick's technique demonstrates which methods?

Luca, who experiences extreme anxiety when taking an exam, practices meditation breathing to reduce her anxiety prior to taking a test. Her meditation breathing is an example of

Sonia first trains her new dog by saying "good dog!" before giving him a food treat. She then trains her dog to sit and stay, saying "good dog!" when he provides the correct behavior, while continuing to periodically provide a food treat. Sonia is using which method(s)?

Bandura identified four necessary cognitive processes in the modeling of others' behavior. They are, in order,

According to a recent study, cyberbullying is influenced by